脾

脾 U+813E, 脾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-813E ← 脽 [U+813D] CJK Unified Ideographs 脿 → [U+813F]

脾 U+2F985, 脾 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F985 ← 䐋 [U+2F984] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 媵 → [U+2F986]

Translingual

Han character

脾 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 月竹田十 (BHWJ), four-corner 7624₀, composition ⿰⺼卑)

Derived characters

• 𭋐, 𪷗, 𮑎, 簲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 985, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29579
• Dae Jaweon: page 1438, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 3
• Unihan data for U+813E

• Unihan data for U+2F985

Chinese

trad.		脾
simp. #		脾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
捭	*preːʔ
牌	*breː, *breː
郫	*breː, *bre, *be
蠯	*breː, *be, *breːŋʔ
猈	*breːʔ, *breː
稗	*breːs
粺	*breːs
𥱼	*breː
豍	*peː
箄	*peː, *pe, *peʔ
錍	*pʰeː, *pe
睥	*pʰeːs
渒	*pʰeːs, *pe
鼙	*beː
鞞	*beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ
椑	*beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ
崥	*beː, *peʔ
髀	*beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ
卑	*pe
鵯	*pe, *pʰiɡ
裨	*pe, *be
痺	*pe
碑	*pre
婢	*peʔ, *beʔ
諀	*pʰeʔ
脾	*be
埤	*be
陴	*be
蜱	*be, *mbew
焷	*be
螷	*be, *breːŋʔ
庳	*beʔ
琕	*biːŋ
萆	*beɡ, *slɯʔ
綼	*biɡ, *peːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *be): semantic ⺼ (“organ”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-paj (“spleen”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pí (pi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pei⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pì / phì

  (Hailu, HRS): bi / pi

• Eastern Min (BUC): bì
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi² / pi² / pih⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pî / phî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁵ / pi⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶bi / ²bi
  • (Jinhua): ²bi
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pí
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pí
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi²
    • Yale: pí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
    • Palladius: пи (pi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pei⁴
    • Yale: pèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: péi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pì / phì
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˇ / pi^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi² / pi²
    • Sinological IPA: /pi¹¹/, /pʰi¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi / pi
    • Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note:

• pì - organ;
• phì - “temperament”.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bi²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pi²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi¹³/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeʔ²¹/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: pih⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiʔ²/

Note:

• bi2 - literary;
• pi2/pih6 - new reading, used in 脾氣.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pî
    • Tâi-lô: pî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pii
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
    • Tâi-lô: phî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phii
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/

Note: phî - used in 脾氣.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bi⁵ / pi⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pî / phî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/

Note: pi5 - used in 脾氣.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bi
    • MiniDict: bi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bi²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²bi
    • MiniDict: bi^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /bi³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /bi³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /bi²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /bi²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /bi¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /bi³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /bi²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /bi²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /bi³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /bi²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²bi
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /bi³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: bi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjie

Rime
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符支切
Baxter	bjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/biᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/biɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/bjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biə̆/
Li Rong	/bie/
Wang Li	/bǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p]e/

  (Zhengzhang): /*be/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ bjie ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[p]e/
English	spleen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脾
Reading #	1/1
No.	385
Phonetic component	卑
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陴
Old Chinese	/*be/

Definitions

脾

1. (～臟) (traditional Chinese medicine) a functionally defined organ of the digestive system, corresponding largely to the anatomical organ of the pancreas
2. (～臟) (Western medicine, anatomy) spleen, milt
3. (figurative) disposition; liking; temperament
4. (Hokkien) appetite (desire for food or drink)

   開脾／开脾 [Hokkien]  ―  khai-pî [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to whet the appetite

Compounds

• 不傷脾胃 / 不伤脾胃
• 使脾氣 / 使脾气
• 古怪脾氣 / 古怪脾气
• 噪脾
• 大發脾氣 / 大发脾气 (dàfā píqì)
• 巢脾
• 巨脾症
• 心脾
• 感人心脾
• 投脾胃
• 暴脾氣 / 暴脾气
• 沁人心脾 (qìnrénxīnpí)
• 沁入心脾
• 沒脾氣 / 没脾气 (méi píqi)
• 灰脾氣 / 灰脾气
• 燥脾
• 牛脾氣 / 牛脾气 (niúpíqi)
• 犯脾氣 / 犯脾气 (fàn píqi)
• 痛入心脾
• 痛澈心脾
• 發脾寒 / 发脾寒
• 發脾氣 / 发脾气 (fā píqi)
• 硬脾氣 / 硬脾气
• 耍脾氣 / 耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
• 肝脾
• 脾味
• 脾和
• 脾土 (pî-thó͘) (Min Nan)
• 脾寒
• 脾性 (píxìng)
• 脾憋
• 脾氣 / 脾气
• 脾氣情性 / 脾气情性
• 脾火
• 脾癉 / 脾瘅
• 脾胃 (píwèi)
• 脾腫 / 脾肿
• 脾臟 / 脾脏 (pízàng)
• 脾虛 / 脾虚
• 脾鱉 / 脾鳖
• 軟調脾 / 软调脾
• 醒脾
• 長脾氣 / 长脾气
• 鬧脾氣 / 闹脾气 (nào píqi)

References

• “脾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “脾”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “脾”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 158.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 脾 – see 髀 (“thigh; thighbone”). (This character is a variant form of 髀).

Japanese

Kanji

脾

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: び (bi)
• Kan-on: ひ (hi)
• Kun: ひぞう (hizō, 脾)、もも (momo, 脾)、とまる (tomaru)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ko̞ɕi]

Noun

脾(よこし) • (yokoshi) 

1. (anatomy) spleen
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 2, page 35:

     脾 白虎通云 脾 俾移反 與古之 [...] 土之精也 色黄 [...] 土藏也 [...]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938), Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 脾 (MC bjie). Recorded as Middle Korean 비 (pi) (Yale: pi) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

脾 (eumhun 지라 비 (jira bi))

1. hanja form^? of 비 (“spleen”)

Compounds

• 비위 (脾胃, biwi)
• 비장 (脾臟, bijang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

脾: Hán Nôm readings: tì, tỳ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.