舟

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

舟 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月卜戈 (HBYI), four-corner 2744₀, composition ⿱丿⿻⿵⺆⺀一)

1. Kangxi radical #137, ⾈.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/舟

See also

• 母

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1008, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30350
• Dae Jaweon: page 1466, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3055, character 1
• Unihan data for U+821F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		舟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 舟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (舟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鵃	*rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw
輈	*tɯw
侜	*tɯw
矪	*tɯw
舟	*tjɯw

Pictogram (象形) – a boat.

Etymology

According to Schuessler (2007), a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗuuk ~ *ɗuk (“boat, canoe”), whence Khmer ទូក (tuuk) and Vietnamese nốc (< Proto-Vietic *ɗoːk (“boat”)). Foreign closed syllables having a long main vowel often correspond to open syllables in Old Chinese.

Possibly cognate of 輈 (OC *tɯw, “trunk, pole”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Yang Xiong's Fangyan says that Old Chinese 舟 (OC *tjɯw) is common in central and eastern China, while its synonym 船 (OC *ɦljon) is used in western China.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōu (zhou¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
• Northern Min (KCR): ciú
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tseu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zau¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tseu
    • MiniDict: tseu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tseu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɤ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyuw

Rime
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職流切
Baxter	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tu/
English	boat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舟
Reading #	1/1
No.	17504
Phonetic component	舟
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	周
Old Chinese	/*tjɯw/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 舟

1. (historical vehicles) dugout canoe
2. (vehicles) similarly-shaped boats; a small barge.
3. (vehicles, inexact) any boat or ship.

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Japanese

Kanji

舟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. boat, ship, small ship

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふね (fune, 舟, Jōyō); ふな (funa, 舟, Jōyō ^†)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
舟
ふね Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

舟(ふね) • (fune) 

1. boat, ship, small ship

Synonyms

• 舟艇(しゅうてい) (shūtei)

See also

• 船(ふね) (fune, “ship, vessel, large ship”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
舟
ふな Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

舟(ふな) • (funa) 

1. boat, ship, small ship

See also

• 船(ふな) (funa, “ship, vessel, large ship”)

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Korean

Hanja

舟 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

1. boat, ship
2. KangXi radical 137

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 舟 (chu, châu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.