苫

Translingual

Han character

苫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱艹占)

rush or straw matting

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6
Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese

trad.		苫
simp. ^#		苫

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàn (shan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sim³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siàm / chiam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
  - Wade–Giles: shan⁴
  - Yale: shàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sim³
  - Yale: sim
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sim³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xim³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàm
  - Tâi-lô: siàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
  - Tâi-lô: tsiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: syem, syemH

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Baxter	syem	syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiam^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim¹	sim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苫

to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shān (shan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sim¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siam

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shān
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shan
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹
  - Yale: shān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sim¹
  - Yale: sīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
  - Tâi-lô: siam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siam⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: syem, syemH

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Baxter	syem	syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiam^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛm^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim¹	sim³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syem^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 苫

straw mat

Japanese

Kanji

苫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

woven mat

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)}^{←せむ (semu, ancient)}
Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)}^{←せむ (semu, ancient)}
Kun: とま (toma, 苫)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
苫
とま Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

篷

Etymology 1

⟨to₂ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 泊まる (tomaru, “to stay”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

苫(とま) • (toma)

a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
- c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 6, poem 302; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 1)
  秋(あき)の田(た)のかりほの庵(いほ)の苫(とま)をあらみわが衣(ころも)手(で)は露(つゆ)にぬれつつ
  aki no ta no kariho no io no toma o arami waga koromode wa tsuyu ni nuretsutsu
  Coarse is the rush mat of my harvest-hut, sheltering the harvested ears of this autumn day; so my sleeves are growing wet with the evening dew.^[1]
(historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters

Derived terms

Proper noun

苫(とま) • (Toma)

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Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苫
とば Hyōgaiji
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫(とば) • (toba)

(rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
(rare) a kimono

Derived terms

長(なが)苫(とば) (nagatoba)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苫
のま Hyōgaiji
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

苫(のま) • (noma)

(rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References

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Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[1]

苫

Contents

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proper noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

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苫

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proper noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

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