賴

See also: 赖 and 頼

Translingual

Traditional	賴
Shinjitai	頼
Simplified	赖

Han character

賴 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木中弓月金 (DLNBC) or 木中尸竹金 (DLSHC), four-corner 5198₆, composition ⿰束⿱刀貝(HTJK))

Descendants

• 頼 赖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1210, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36861
• Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3651, character 11
• Unihan data for U+8CF4

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Chinese

trad.		賴
simp.		赖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
賴	*raːds
籟	*raːds
癩	*raːds, *raːd
瀨	*raːds
藾	*raːds
攋	*raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd
懶	*raːnʔ
嬾	*raːnʔ
獺	*r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lài (lai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laai⁶
• Northern Min (KCR): lāi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lōa / lāi / nāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lua⁷ / nai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lài
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lài
    • Wade–Giles: lai⁴
    • Yale: lài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
    • Palladius: лай (laj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laai⁶
    • Yale: laaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːi̯²²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lai⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōa
    • Tâi-lô: luā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loa
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lua⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lua²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lua³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lāi
    • Tâi-lô: lāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lai
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lai²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lai⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
    • Tâi-lô: nāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nai
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/

Note:

• lōa - vernacular;
• lāi - literary;
• nāi - literary (Taiwan), vernacular (Zhangzhou).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lua⁷ / nai⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luā / năi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lua¹¹/, /nai³⁵/

Note:

• lua7 - vernacular;
• nai6 - literary.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 賴
Mandarin	Beijing	/lai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lai⁵³/
	Jinan	/lɛ²¹/ /lɛ²¹³/ 不～
	Qingdao	/lɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/lai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/lɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/lɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nai¹³/
	Guiyang	/nai²¹³/
	Kunming	/læ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/lae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/le̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/læ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/lɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/la²³/
	Suzhou	/lɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/le̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/la²²/
Hui	Shexian	/la²²/
	Tunxi	/la¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lai⁵⁵/ /lai¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/nai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/lai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/lɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lai²²/
	Nanning	/lai²²/
	Hong Kong	/lai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lai²²/ /nua²²/ /lua²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lai⁴⁴/ /luɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nãi³³/ /lua²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lai³⁵/ 姓 /lai³³/ 依～

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• Middle Chinese: lajH

Rime
Character	賴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	落蓋切
Baxter	lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lajH/
Li Rong	/lɑiH/
Wang Li	/lɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*rˤa[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lài
Middle Chinese	‹ lajH ›
Old Chinese	/*rˁa[t]-s/
English	depend on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賴
Reading #	1/1
No.	7631
Phonetic component	賴
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	賴
Old Chinese	/*raːds/
Notes	本從剌聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 賴

1. to rely; to depend on
2. to accuse falsely
3. a surname

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Japanese

Shinjitai	頼
Kyūjitai	賴

Kanji

賴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 頼)

1. rely
2. depend on
3. accuse falsely

Readings

• Go-on: らい (rai)
• Kan-on: らい (rai)
• Kun: たのむ (tanomu, 賴む); たのもしい (tanomoshii, 賴もしい); たよる (tayoru, 賴る); たより (tayori, 賴り)
• Nanori: よち (yochi); より (yori)

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Korean

Hanja

賴 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 賴 (lại, nái, trái)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.