閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵門臽)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
• Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
• Unihan data for U+95BB

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Chinese

trad.		閻
simp.		阎
alternative forms		閆／闫 𨳔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊	*ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	*ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮	*ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	*ljom, *loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yán (yan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yán
    • Wade–Giles: yen²
    • Yale: yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim⁴
    • Yale: yìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
    • Tâi-lô: giâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
    • Tâi-lô: iâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /iam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/

Note:

• giâm - vernacular (俗);
• iâm - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: yem

Rime
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Baxter	yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ][a]m/
English	gate over street or lane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
No.	13564
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*lom/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 閻

1. village gate
2. a surname

Usage notes

See 闫.

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Japanese

Kanji

閻

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. village gate
2. good-looking
3. used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en); せん (sen)
• Kun: ちまた (chimata); ひらく (hiraku); すすめる (susumeru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)}
• 閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
• 閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
• 閻魔(えんま) (enma)
• 閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)

• 閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
• 閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
• 閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
• 閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
• 閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)

• 閻羅(えんら) (enra)
• 済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
• 南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

References

• 広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
• 漢字源 (Kanjigen)
• 学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

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Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 閻 (diêm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation