限

See also: 隄

Translingual

Han character

限 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓中日女 (NLAV), four-corner 7723₂, composition ⿰阝艮)

Derived characters

• 𭉑, 䈨, 𨵬(𬮵)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1350, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41627
• Dae Jaweon: page 1852, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4128, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9650

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		限

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haan⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): han⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): hāing
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hǎn / hān / ān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haan⁶
    • Yale: haahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: han⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: han⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /han⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎn
    • Tâi-lô: hǎn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /han²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hān
    • Tâi-lô: hān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: han
    • IPA (Xiamen): /han²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /han³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ān
    • Tâi-lô: ān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: an
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /an²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /an³³/

Note: hǎn/hān/ān - literary, ān - vernacular (Taiwanese, Xiamen).

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ³⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 限
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xan¹³/ /ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/ /ɦie²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ³¹/ /ɦe̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie²²/ /xɛ²²/
	Tunxi	/xɔ¹¹/ /ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan⁵⁵/ /xan¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/han⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/han⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/hɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/han²²/
	Nanning	/han²²/
	Hong Kong	/han²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/han²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/aiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xaiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/haŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/haŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: heanX

Rime
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡簡切
Baxter	heanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚænX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨnX/
Li Rong	/ɣɛnX/
Wang Li	/ɣænX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣănX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤrə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛnX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁrə[n]ʔ/
English	obstacle, limit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	限
Reading #	1/1
No.	3916
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	限
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːnʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 限

1. boundary; limit; line
2. threshold
3. to limit; to place a limit (on)

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Japanese

Kanji

限

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. limit

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: かぎる (kagiru, 限る, Jōyō); かぎり (kagiri, 限り); かぎり (kagiri, 限); きり (kiri)

Compounds

Compounds

• 制限(せいげん) (seigen)
• 権限(けんげん) (kengen)
• 限定(げんてい) (gentei)
• 限度(げんど) (gendo)
• 無限(むげん) (mugen)
• 分限(ぶんげん) (bungen)
• 有限(ゆうげん) (yūgen)
• 上限(じょうげん) (jōgen)

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Korean

Hanja

限 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 限 (hạn, hẹn, giận)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.