鴻雁

See also: 鸿雁

Chinese

		{{vern|eastern bean goose}}; great; large	wild goose
trad. (鴻雁/鴻鴈)		鴻	雁/鴈
simp. (鸿雁)		鸿	雁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hóngyàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴ ngaan⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hóngyàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hóngyàn
    • Wade–Giles: hung²-yen⁴
    • Yale: húng-yàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngyann
    • Palladius: хунъянь (xunʺjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵ jɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung⁴ ngaan⁶
    • Yale: hùhng ngaahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴ ngaan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴ ngan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹ ŋaːn²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: huwng ngaenH

Rime
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	戸公切	五晏切
Baxter	huwng	ngaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/	/ŋˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/	/ŋᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/	/ŋaɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋanH/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/	/ŋanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung4	ngaan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤoŋ  C.[ŋ]ˤrar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːŋ  ŋraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng	yàn
Middle Chinese	‹ huwng ›	‹ ngænH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/	/*C.[ŋ]ˁrar-s/
English	kind of wild goose	wild goose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鴻	雁
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	4061	14436
Phonetic component	工	雁
Rime group	東	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	洪	鴈
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːŋ/	/*ŋraːns/
Notes		說文廠聲

Noun

鴻雁

1. swan goose

   • 鴻雁于飛，集于中澤。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鸿雁于飞，集于中泽。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hóngyàn yú fēi, jí yú zhōng zé. [Pinyin]

     The wild geese are flying about; and they settle in the midst of the marsh.

2. (literary, figurative) refugee; displaced people
3. (literary, figurative) letter
4. (literary, figurative) brother

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	大雁
	Chengde	大雁
	Chifeng	大雁
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	大雁
	Heihe	大雁, 雁
	Qiqihar	大雁
	Harbin	大雁, 雁
	Jiamusi	大雁
	Baicheng	大雁
	Changchun	大雁
	Tonghua	大雁
	Shenyang	大雁, 雁
	Jinzhou	大雁, 雁
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	大雁
	Tangshan	大雁
	Cangzhou	大雁
	Baoding	大雁
	Shijiazhuang	大雁
	Lijin	大雁, 雁
	Jinan	大雁, 雁
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	大雁
	Dandong	大雁, 雁
	Yantai	大雁
	Yantai (Muping)	老雁
	Qingdao	雁
	Zhucheng	大雁
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大雁, 雁
	Lingbao	雁
	Jining	大雁, 雁
	Wanrong	雁
	Linfen	大雁, 雁
	Shangqiu	大雁
	Yuanyang	大雁, 雁
	Zhengzhou	雁
	Xinyang	大雁
	Baihe	大雁
	Xi'an	大雁
	Baoji	大雁
	Tianshui	大雁
	Xining	咕嚕雁, 雁兒
	Xuzhou	大雁
	Fuyang	大雁, 雁
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大雁, 雁
	Lanzhou	雁
	Dunhuang	咕嚕雁
	Hami	雁
	Ürümqi	大雁, 雁
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	大雁, 雁鵝
	Nanchong	雁
	Dazhou	雁鵝
	Hanyuan	雁鵝
	Xichang	雁鵝, 雁
	Zigong	雁鵝
	Chongqing	雁鵝
	Wuhan	大雁, 雁
	Yichang	大雁, 雁
	Xiangyang	大雁, 雁
	Tianmen	大雁, 雁
	Guiyang	雁鵝, 大雁
	Zunyi	雁鵝, 大雁
	Bijie	雁鵝
	Liping	大雁
	Zhaotong	雁鵝
	Dali	大雁
	Kunming	大雁, 雁
	Mengzi	大雁
	Guilin	大雁, 雁鵝
	Liuzhou	大雁
	Jishou	大雁
	Changde	雁鵝
	Hanzhong	大雁, 雁
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	大雁
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	大雁
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
	Yangzhou	大雁
	Lianyungang	大雁
	Lianshui	雁
	Nantong	雁
	Anqing	雁
	Wuhu	雁
	Hefei	大雁
	Hong'an	雁鵝, 雁
Cantonese	Hong Kong	雁
	Dongguan	雁鵝, 雁
	Beihai	雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	大雁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	大雁
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	雁
	Móng Cái	雁鵝
Gan	Nanchang	雁鵝
	Lichuan	雁
	Pingxiang	雁鵝
Hakka	Meixian	雁鵝
	Yudu	雁鵝
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	雁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	雁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	雁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	雁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	雁
Huizhou	Jixi	雁
	Shexian	雁
Jin	Taiyuan	大雁, 雁
	Yangyuan	大雁, 雁
	Datong	大雁, 雁
	Xinzhou	雁兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	雁
	Changzhi	大雁, 雁
	Linhe	大雁
	Jining	大雁
	Hohhot	大雁, 雁
	Erenhot	大雁
	Pingshan	大雁, 雁
	Zhangjiakou	大雁
	Handan	大雁, 雁
	Linzhou	大雁
	Suide	雁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	雁
Southern Min	Shantou	雁鵝
	Leizhou	雁鳥, 鵠鶴
	Haikou	雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	雁
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	鵝娘子
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	天鵝
Wu	Shanghai	大雁, 雁鵝
	Danyang	雁
	Hangzhou	雁鵝
	Ningbo	雁鵝
	Zhoushan	雁鵝
Xiang	Changsha	雁子, 雁鵝
	Loudi	雁, 雁阿
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	雁鳥, 天鵝鳥
	Dong'an	雁鵝
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	大雁
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	雁
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	湖鴨
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	大雁
	Renhua (Shitang)	大雁
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	雁
	Lechang (Changlai)	天鵝
	Lechang (Beixiang)	白康
	Lechang (Huangpu)	天鵝
	Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi)	天鵝
	Lechang (Sanxi)	天鵝

Derived terms

• 鴻雁傳書／鸿雁传书 (hóngyànchuánshū)
• 鴻雁哀鳴／鸿雁哀鸣 (hóngyàn'āimíng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鴻雁):

• → Japanese: 鴻雁(こうがん) (kōgan)
• → Korean: 홍안(鴻雁) (hong'an)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鴻	雁
こう Jinmeiyō	がん Jinmeiyō
kan'on

Noun

鴻(こう)雁(がん) • (kōgan) 

1. (literary) wild geese