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==Chinese==
==Chinese==
{{zh-forms}}
{{zh-forms}}

===Etymology===
{{borrowing|ja|lang=zh|自由|tr=[[jiyū]]}}, from {{etyl|ltc|zh}} {{m|ltc|自由|tr=dzijH yuw}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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* {{zh-l|自由市場|tr=zìyóu shìchǎng}}
* {{zh-l|自由市場|tr=zìyóu shìchǎng}}
* {{zh-l|宗教自由|tr=zōngjiào zìyóu}}
* {{zh-l|宗教自由|tr=zōngjiào zìyóu}}

⚫
===Descendants===
{{Sinoxenic-word|自由|じゆう|자유|tự do}}


{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{ja-kanjitab|じ|ゆう|yomi=o}}
{{ja-kanjitab|じ|ゆう|yomi=o}}
Apparently first imported from {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=しゆう'}} compound {{term|lang=ltc|自由|tr=*d͡ʑi *iou}} with an original meaning of roughly ''arising from oneself''. Repurposed in the 1860s by [[w:Fukuzawa Yukichi|Fukuzawa Yukichi]] as a translation of the {{etyl|en|ja|sort=しゆう'}} {{term|lang=en|freedom}} or {{term|lang=en|liberty}}, as an extension of the original meaning: ''freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction''.<ref>'''1866''': {{lang|ja|西洋事情}} (''Seiyō Jijō'', “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3</ref><ref>'''2004''': 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (''Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo'', “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.</ref>
Apparently first imported from {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=しゆう'}} compound {{m|ltc|自由|tr=dzijH yuw}} with an original meaning of roughly ''arising from oneself''. Repurposed in the 1860s by [[w:Fukuzawa Yukichi|Fukuzawa Yukichi]] as a translation of the {{etyl|en|ja|sort=しゆう'}} {{m|en|freedom}} or {{term|lang=en|liberty}}, as an extension of the original meaning: ''freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction''.<ref>'''1866''': {{lang|ja|西洋事情}} (''Seiyō Jijō'', “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3</ref><ref>'''2004''': 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (''Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo'', “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.</ref>


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron|y=on|acc=2|じゆう|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}}
{{ja-pron|y=o|acc=2|じゆう|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
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{{ja-noun|じゆう|hhira=じいう}}
{{ja-noun|じゆう|hhira=じいう}}


# [[freedom]], [[liberty]]
# [[freedom]]; [[liberty]]
#: {{ja-usex|'''自由'''のために戦う。|'''じゆう''' の ため に たたかう。|We will fight for freedom.}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''自由'''のために戦う。|'''じゆう''' の ため に たたかう。|We will fight for freedom.}}
# [[demand]] (for goods or services)
# [[demand]] (for goods or services)
Line 74: Line 74:
* {{ja-r|自由度|じゆうど}}: [[flexibility]], [[degree]] of [[freedom]]
* {{ja-r|自由度|じゆうど}}: [[flexibility]], [[degree]] of [[freedom]]
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}

⚫
===Descendants===
* Chinese: {{zh-l|自由}}
* Korean: {{ko-l|자유}}
* Vietnamese: {{vi-l|tự do}}


===References===
===References===
Line 84: Line 89:


==Korean==
==Korean==
{{ko-hanjatab|[[自]][[由]]}}
{{ko-hanjatab}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{ko-noun|rv=jayu|hangeul=자유}}
{{ko-noun|rv=jayu|hangeul=자유}}


# {{hanja form of|자유|[[freedom]], [[liberty]]}}
# {{hanja form of|자유|[[freedom]]; [[liberty]]}}


----
----
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{{vi-hantu}}
{{vi-hantu}}


# {{han tu form of|tự do|[[freedom]], [[liberty]]}}
# {{han tu form of|tự do|[[freedom]]; [[liberty]]}}


[[ast:自由]]
[[ast:自由]]

Revision as of 10:16, 22 September 2015

Chinese

 
from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 
follow; from; it is for...to
follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb)
simp. and trad.
(自由) 		自 由

Etymology

Template:borrowing, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 自由 (dzijH yuw)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 自 由
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 疾二切 以周切
Baxter dzijH yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziɪH/ /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziH/ /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjɪH/ /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziH/ /juw/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziH/ /iu/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ziH/ /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱiH/ /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zì yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi6 jau4

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 自由

  1. freedom; liberty
    自由鬥士／自由斗士  ―  zìyóu dòushì  ―  freedom fighter
    婚姻自由  ―  hūnyīn zìyóu  ―  freedom of marriage

Antonyms

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 自由

  1. free; unconstrained
    自由發表意見／自由发表意见  ―  zìyóu fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  express one's views unreservedly

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
自 由
じ
Grade: 2 		ゆう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Apparently first imported from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 自由 (dzijH yuw) with an original meaning of roughly arising from oneself. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English freedom or (deprecated template usage) liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 77: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.

Adjective

自(じ)由(ゆう) • (jiyū) ←じいう (ziiu)?-na (adnominal 自(じ)由(ゆう)な (jiyū na), adverbial 自(じ)由(ゆう)に (jiyū ni))

  1. free (as in freedom)
  2. flexible

Inflection

Inflection of 自由
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 自由だろ じゆうだろ jiyū daro
Continuative (連用形) 自由で じゆうで jiyū de
Terminal (終止形) 自由だ じゆうだ jiyū da
Attributive (連体形) 自由な じゆうな jiyū na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 自由なら じゆうなら jiyū nara
Imperative (命令形) 自由であれ じゆうであれ jiyū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 自由ではない
自由じゃない 		じゆうではない
じゆうじゃない 		jiyū de wa nai
jiyū ja nai
Informal past 自由だった じゆうだった jiyū datta
Informal negative past 自由ではなかった
自由じゃなかった 		じゆうではなかった
じゆうじゃなかった 		jiyū de wa nakatta
jiyū ja nakatta
Formal 自由です じゆうです jiyū desu
Formal negative 自由ではありません
自由じゃありません 		じゆうではありません
じゆうじゃありません 		jiyū de wa arimasen
jiyū ja arimasen
Formal past 自由でした じゆうでした jiyū deshita
Formal negative past 自由ではありませんでした
自由じゃありませんでした 		じゆうではありませんでした
じゆうじゃありませんでした 		jiyū de wa arimasen deshita
jiyū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 自由で じゆうで jiyū de
Conditional 自由なら（ば） じゆうなら（ば） jiyū nara (ba)
Provisional 自由だったら じゆうだったら jiyū dattara
Volitional 自由だろう じゆうだろう jiyū darō
Adverbial 自由に じゆうに jiyū ni
Degree 自由さ じゆうさ jiyūsa

Noun

自(じ)由(ゆう) • (jiyū) ←じいう (ziiu)?

  1. freedom; liberty
    自由(じゆう)のために戦(たたか)う。
    Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.
    We will fight for freedom.
  2. demand (for goods or services)
  3. (deprecated template usage) (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom

Derived terms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
  2. ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
自由

Noun

自由 • (jayu) (hangeul 자유)

  1. Hanja form? of 자유 (“freedom; liberty”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自由

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 自由

  1. Template:han tu form of
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