自由: difference between revisions
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==Chinese== |
==Chinese== |
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{{zh-forms}} |
{{zh-forms}} |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{borrowing|ja|lang=zh|自由|tr=[[jiyū]]}}, from {{etyl|ltc|zh}} {{m|ltc|自由|tr=dzijH yuw}} |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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* {{zh-l|自由市場|tr=zìyóu shìchǎng}} |
* {{zh-l|自由市場|tr=zìyóu shìchǎng}} |
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* {{zh-l|宗教自由|tr=zōngjiào zìyóu}} |
* {{zh-l|宗教自由|tr=zōngjiào zìyóu}} |
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⚫ | |||
{{Sinoxenic-word|自由|じゆう|자유|tự do}} |
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{{zh-cat|Elementary}} |
{{zh-cat|Elementary}} |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{ja-kanjitab|じ|ゆう|yomi=o}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|じ|ゆう|yomi=o}} |
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Apparently first imported from {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=しゆう'}} compound {{ |
Apparently first imported from {{etyl|ltc|ja|sort=しゆう'}} compound {{m|ltc|自由|tr=dzijH yuw}} with an original meaning of roughly ''arising from oneself''. Repurposed in the 1860s by [[w:Fukuzawa Yukichi|Fukuzawa Yukichi]] as a translation of the {{etyl|en|ja|sort=しゆう'}} {{m|en|freedom}} or {{term|lang=en|liberty}}, as an extension of the original meaning: ''freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction''.<ref>'''1866''': {{lang|ja|西洋事情}} (''Seiyō Jijō'', “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3</ref><ref>'''2004''': 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (''Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo'', “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.</ref> |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{ja-pron|y= |
{{ja-pron|y=o|acc=2|じゆう|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} |
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===Adjective=== |
===Adjective=== |
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{{ja-noun|じゆう|hhira=じいう}} |
{{ja-noun|じゆう|hhira=じいう}} |
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# [[freedom]] |
# [[freedom]]; [[liberty]] |
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#: {{ja-usex|'''自由'''のために戦う。|'''じゆう''' の ため に たたかう。|We will fight for freedom.}} |
#: {{ja-usex|'''自由'''のために戦う。|'''じゆう''' の ため に たたかう。|We will fight for freedom.}} |
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# [[demand]] (for goods or services) |
# [[demand]] (for goods or services) |
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* {{ja-r|自由度|じゆうど}}: [[flexibility]], [[degree]] of [[freedom]] |
* {{ja-r|自由度|じゆうど}}: [[flexibility]], [[degree]] of [[freedom]] |
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{{der-bottom}} |
{{der-bottom}} |
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⚫ | |||
* Chinese: {{zh-l|自由}} |
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* Korean: {{ko-l|자유}} |
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* Vietnamese: {{vi-l|tự do}} |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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==Korean== |
==Korean== |
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{{ko-hanjatab |
{{ko-hanjatab}} |
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===Noun=== |
===Noun=== |
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{{ko-noun|rv=jayu|hangeul=자유}} |
{{ko-noun|rv=jayu|hangeul=자유}} |
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# {{hanja form of|자유|[[freedom]] |
# {{hanja form of|자유|[[freedom]]; [[liberty]]}} |
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---- |
---- |
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{{vi-hantu}} |
{{vi-hantu}} |
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# {{han tu form of|tự do|[[freedom]] |
# {{han tu form of|tự do|[[freedom]]; [[liberty]]}} |
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[[ast:自由]] |
[[ast:自由]] |
Revision as of 10:16, 22 September 2015
Chinese
from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since |
follow; from; it is for...to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to someone) | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (自由) |
自 | 由 |
Etymology
Template:borrowing, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 自由 (dzijH yuw)
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 245: Invalid syllable: 3zr hhieu. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 自由
Antonyms
- 必然 (bìrán)
Adjective
(deprecated template usage) 自由
Derived terms
Japanese
Etymology
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
自 | 由 |
じ Grade: 2 |
ゆう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Apparently first imported from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 自由 (dzijH yuw) with an original meaning of roughly arising from oneself. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English freedom or (deprecated template usage) liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "y" is not used by this template.
Adjective
自由 • (jiyū) ←じいう (ziiu)?-na (adnominal 自由な (jiyū na), adverbial 自由に (jiyū ni))
Inflection
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 自由だろ | じゆうだろ | jiyū daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Terminal (終止形) | 自由だ | じゆうだ | jiyū da |
Attributive (連体形) | 自由な | じゆうな | jiyū na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 自由なら | じゆうなら | jiyū nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 自由であれ | じゆうであれ | jiyū de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 自由ではない 自由じゃない |
じゆうではない じゆうじゃない |
jiyū de wa nai jiyū ja nai |
Informal past | 自由だった | じゆうだった | jiyū datta |
Informal negative past | 自由ではなかった 自由じゃなかった |
じゆうではなかった じゆうじゃなかった |
jiyū de wa nakatta jiyū ja nakatta |
Formal | 自由です | じゆうです | jiyū desu |
Formal negative | 自由ではありません 自由じゃありません |
じゆうではありません じゆうじゃありません |
jiyū de wa arimasen jiyū ja arimasen |
Formal past | 自由でした | じゆうでした | jiyū deshita |
Formal negative past | 自由ではありませんでした 自由じゃありませんでした |
じゆうではありませんでした じゆうじゃありませんでした |
jiyū de wa arimasen deshita jiyū ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 自由で | じゆうで | jiyū de |
Conditional | 自由なら(ば) | じゆうなら(ば) | jiyū nara (ba) |
Provisional | 自由だったら | じゆうだったら | jiyū dattara |
Volitional | 自由だろう | じゆうだろう | jiyū darō |
Adverbial | 自由に | じゆうに | jiyū ni |
Degree | 自由さ | じゆうさ | jiyūsa |
Noun
- freedom; liberty
- 自由のために戦う。
- Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.
- We will fight for freedom.
- 自由のために戦う。
- demand (for goods or services)
- (deprecated template usage) (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom
Derived terms
- 自由度 (jiyūdo): flexibility, degree of freedom
Descendants
References
- ^ 1866: 西洋事情 (Seiyō Jijō, “Things Western”), Fukuzawa Yukichi, digital version (in Japanese), http://project.lib.keio.ac.jp/dg_kul/fukuzawa_title.php?id=3
- ^ 2004: 「明治の日本が作り出した新しい言語」 (Meiji no Nihon ga Tsukuridashita Atarashii Gengo, “The New Language Created by Meiji Japan”), Takeshi Ozeki (in Japanese), http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/8702/1/hogaku0030301790.pdf, page 11 of the PDF.
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
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自 | 由 |
Noun
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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自 | 由 |
Noun
- Chinese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese adjectives
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 自 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 由 read as ゆう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from English
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese euphemisms
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán