恬

恬 U+606C, 恬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606C ← 恫 [U+606B] CJK Unified Ideographs 恭 → [U+606D]

Translingual

Han character

恬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹十口 (PHJR), four-corner 9206₄, composition ⿰忄舌)

Derived characters

• 湉, 𦳇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10595
• Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 5
• Unihan data for U+606C

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
餂	*l̥ʰeːmʔ
恬	*l'eːm
湉	*l'eːm
甜	*l'iːm
狧	*l̥ʰaːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːm) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + abbreviated phonetic 甜 (OC *l'iːm).

Etymology 1

trad.		恬
simp. #		恬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tián (tian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tim⁴ / tim⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tiam⁵ / tiang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tián
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tián
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien²
    • Yale: tyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tim⁴ / tim⁵
    • Yale: tìhm / tíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tim⁴ / tim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: tim⁴ / tim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːm²¹/, /tʰiːm¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâm
    • Tâi-lô: tiâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaam
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiam¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tiam²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tiam⁵ / tiang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiâm / thiâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiam⁵⁵/, /tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• tiam5 - Chaozhou;
• tiang5 - Chenghai.

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• Middle Chinese: dem

Rime
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒兼切
Baxter	dem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dem/
Pan Wuyun	/dem/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛm/
Li Rong	/dem/
Wang Li	/diem/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiem/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tim4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恬
Reading #	1/1
No.	12406
Phonetic component	甜
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	甜
Old Chinese	/*l'eːm/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恬

1. quiet; calm; tranquil; peaceful
2. simple and contented; indifferent to fame or gain
3. unperturbed; indifferent; not caring of

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

edit

• 和平 (hépíng)
• 嗼寂 (mòjì)
• 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
• 安生 (ānshēng)
• 安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
• 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
• 安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
• 寂寥 (jìliáo)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
• 寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
• 寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
• 平和
• 平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
• 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
• 恬倓 (tiántán)
• 恬淡 (tiándàn)
• 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
• 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
• 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
• 沉寂 (chénjì)
• 沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
• 清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
• 清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
• 自靜／自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
• 靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
• 靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
• 靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
• 靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

 

Etymology 2

trad.		恬
simp. #		恬
alternative forms		扂 Hokkien

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tiâm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiām / tiǎm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diam⁵ / diam⁷ / diang⁵ / diang⁷

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• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: diam^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: diam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ti̯am²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiām
    • Tâi-lô: tiām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diam
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /tiam²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiǎm
    • Tâi-lô: tiǎm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diam⁵ / diam⁷ / diang⁵ / diang⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiâm / tiām / tiâng / tiāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam⁵⁵/, /tiam¹¹/, /tiaŋ⁵⁵/, /tiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

• diam5/diam7 - Chaozhou;
• diang5/diang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恬

1. (Southern Min, Hakka) quiet; silent; calm

   恬！ [Hokkien]  ―  Tiām! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Be quiet! / Shut up!

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 住口 (“to shut up; to stop talking”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		住口, 住嘴, 閉嘴
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	閉嘴
	Singapore	閉嘴, 靜靜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Hong Kong	收聲, 收口, 收嗲, 收皮
	Singapore (Guangfu)	收聲, 收嗲
Hakka	Meixian	合嘴
Southern Min	Tainan	恬去
	Penang (Hokkien)	恬
	Singapore (Hokkien)	恬
	Manila (Hokkien)	恬
	Leizhou	關喙

References

• “Entry #4919”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

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Japanese

Kanji

恬

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. nonchalant

Readings

• Go-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)←でむ (demu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)←てむ (temu, ancient)}
• Kun: やすい (yasui, 恬い)、やすらか (yasuraka, 恬らか)
• Nanori: しずか (shizuka)

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Korean

Hanja

恬 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

恬: Hán Nôm readings: điềm, đềm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.