樺

See also: 桦 and 椛

樺 U+6A3A, 樺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A3A ← 樹 [U+6A39] CJK Unified Ideographs 樻 → [U+6A3B]

Translingual

Han character

樺 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一十 (DTMJ), four-corner 4495₄, composition ⿰木華)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15497
• Dae Jaweon: page 940, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6A3A

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Chinese

trad.		樺
simp.		桦
alternative forms		華／华

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鞾	*qʰʷa
華	*qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁	*qʰʷraː
樺	*ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
嘩	*ɡʷraː
驊	*ɡʷraː
鏵	*ɡʷraː
崋	*ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huà (hua⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waa⁶ / waa⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hōa / hôa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huà
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huà
    • Wade–Giles: hua⁴
    • Yale: hwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
    • Palladius: хуа (xua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waa⁶ / waa⁴
    • Yale: wah / wàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waa⁶ / waa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wa⁶ / wa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waː²²/, /waː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōa
    • Tâi-lô: huā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoa
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hua²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa
    • Tâi-lô: huâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaa
    • IPA (Taipei): /hua²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hua⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hwae, hwaeH

Rime
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	戸花切	胡化切
Baxter	hwae	hwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠua/	/ɦˠuaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚa/	/ɦʷᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣua/	/ɣuaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨ/	/ɦwaɨH/
Li Rong	/ɣua/	/ɣuaH/
Wang Li	/ɣwa/	/ɣwaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwa/	/ɣwaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huá	huà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waa4	waa6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraː/, /*ɡʷraːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5310	5317
Phonetic component	華	華
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	華	摦
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraː/	/*ɡʷraːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 樺

1. birch

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

樺

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: かば (kaba, 樺)

Compounds

• 樺太(からふと) (Karafuto)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
樺
かば Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
カバ 椛

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

樺(かば) • (kaba) 

1. birch

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カバ.

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Korean

Hanja

樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

1. birch

Synonyms

• 檀, 橽
• 자작나무 (jajangnamu)

Compounds

• 백화 (白樺, baekhwa, “white birch”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

樺: Hán Nôm readings: hoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.