afrontar

Catalan

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *affrontō, from Latin ad frontem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ə.fɾunˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ə.fɾonˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.fɾonˈtaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afrontí, past participle afrontat)

1. (transitive) to face, to confront

   Synonym: fer front

Related terms

• afront
• front

Further reading

• “afrontar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “afrontar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “afrontar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “afrontar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Galician-Portuguese afrontar, from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. Equivalent to a- +‎ fronte +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [afɾonˈtaɾ]

Verb

1. (transitive) to face, confront

   Synonyms: arrostrar, encarar

2. (transitive) to abuse, insult

   Synonyms: deostar, insultar

3. (pronominal) to take offense
   • 1697, José Gil Taboada, Grande loita de luceiros:

     Señora may (os luceyros

     Din) vostede s'afrontou

     Sen causa, porque esta loyta

     Ll'a de dar mais relumbros.

     Lady mother -the luminaries

     Say- your grace took offense

     With no motive, because this fight

     Will give you more shine

   Synonyms: anoxar, ofender

4. (pronominal) to suffocate

   Synonyms: acorar, afogar, atafegar

5. (intransitive) to gasp, to pant

   Synonyms: ampear, arfar, inar

Derived terms

• afronta

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “afrontar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “afront”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “afrontar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “afrontar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “afrontar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

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Occitan

Etymology

Attested from the 12th century.. From Old Occitan [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Verb

afrontar

1. to face, to confront

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		afrontar			aver afrontat
gerund		afrontant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		afrontat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	afronti	afrontas	afronta	afrontam	afrontatz	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontavi	afrontavas	afrontava	afrontàvem	afrontàvetz	afrontavan
	preterite	afrontèri	afrontères	afrontèt	afrontèrem	afrontèretz	afrontèron
	future	afrontarai	afrontaràs	afrontarà	afrontarem	afrontaretz	afrontaràn
	conditional	afrontariái	afrontariás	afrontariá	afrontariam	afrontariatz	afrontarián
	conditional 2nd form1	afrontèra	afrontèras	afrontèra	afronteram	afronteratz	afrontèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronte	afrontem	afrontetz	afronten
	imperfect	afrontèssi	afrontèsses	afrontèsse	afrontèssem	afrontèssetz	afrontèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			afronta		afrontem	afrontatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		afrontar			aver afrontat
gerund		afrontant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		afrontat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronta	afrontam	afrontatz	afronton
	imperfect	afrontave	afrontaves	afrontava	afrontaviam	afrontaviatz	afrontavon
	preterite	afrontere	afronteres	afrontet	afrontem	afrontetz	afronteron
	future	afrontarai	afrontaràs	afrontará	afrontarem	afrontaretz	afrontarán
	conditional	afrontariá	afrontariás	afrontariá	afrontariam	afrontariatz	afrontarián
	conditional 2nd form1	afrontèra	afrontèras	afrontèra	afronteram	afronteratz	afrontèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronte	afrontassiam	afrontassiatz	afronton
	imperfect	afrontesse	afrontesses	afrontesse	afrontessiam	afrontessiatz	afrontesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			afronta		afrontassiam	afrontatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		afrontar			aver afrontat
gerund		afrontant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		afrontat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	afronti	afrontas	afronta	afrontam	afrontatz	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontavi	afrontavas	afrontava	afrontàvam	afrontàvatz	afrontavan
	preterite	afrontèi	afrontès	afrontè	afrontèm	afrontètz	afrontèn
	future	afrontarèi	afrontaràs	afrontarà	afrontaram	afrontaratz	afrontaràn
	conditional	afrontarí	afrontarés	afrontaré	afrontarem	afrontaretz	afrontarén
	conditional 2nd form1	afrontèra	afrontèras	afrontèra	afronteram	afronteratz	afrontèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	afronti	afrontes	afronte	afrontem	afrontetz	afronten
	imperfect	afrontèssi	afrontèsses	afrontèsse	afrontèssem	afrontèssetz	afrontèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			afronta		afrontem	afrontatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		afrontar			aver afrontat
gerund		afrontant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		afrontat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	afronte	afrontas	afronta	afrontam	afrontatz	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontava	afrontavas	afrontava	afrontàvam	afrontàvatz	afrontavan
	preterite	afrontei	afronteras	afrontet	afrontèram	afrontèratz	afronteran
	future	afrontarai	afrontaràs	afrontará	afrontarem	afrontaretz	afrontarán
	conditional	afrontariá	afrontariàs	afrontariá	afrontariam	afrontariatz	afrontarián
	conditional 2nd form1	afrontèra	afrontèras	afrontèra	afronteram	afronteratz	afrontèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronte	afrontem	afrontetz	afronten
	imperfect	afrontèsse	afrontèsses	afrontèsse	afrontèssem	afrontèssetz	afrontèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			afronta		afrontem	afrontatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		afrontar			aver afrontat
gerund		afrontant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		afrontat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronta	afrontam	afrontatz	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontavi	afrontavas	afrontava	afrontàvem	afrontàvetz	afrontavan
	preterite	afrontère	afrontères	afrontèt	afronteriam	afronteriatz	afrontèron
	future	afrontarai	afrontaràs	afrontarà	afrontarem	afrontaretz	afrontaràn
	conditional	afrontariáu	afrontariás	afrontariá	afrontariam	afrontariatz	afrontarián
	conditional 2nd form1	afrontèra	afrontèras	afrontèra	afronteram	afronteratz	afrontèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	afronte	afrontes	afronte	afrontem	afrontetz	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontèsse	afrontèsses	afrontèsse	afrontessiam	afrontessiatz	afrontèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			afronta		afrontem	afrontatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese [Term?], from a Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, from Latin ad frontem. Equivalent to a- +‎ fronte +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ʁ)/ [a.fɾõˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.fɾõˈta(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fɾõˈtaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fɾõˈtaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fɾõˈta.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: a‧fron‧tar

Verb

1. (transitive) abuse (to insult)

   Synonyms: insultar, ultrajar, ofender

2. to confront
3. to face
4. to cause sickness

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:afrontar.

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Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre, derived from Latin ad- + frontem. Doublet of afrentar. The expected diphthongization of Latin stressed /ŏ/ is attested in medieval conjugations such as afruenta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /afɾonˈtaɾ/ [a.fɾõn̪ˈt̪aɾ]

Verb

afrontar (first-person singular present afronto, first-person singular preterite afronté, past participle afrontado)

1. (transitive) to face, address, tackle, meet, deal with, confront, cope with, handle, bear, manage, (e.g. reality, an issue, a situation, a problem)

   Afrontémoslo... ― Let's face it...

2. to defy, to brave
3. to afford, to bear (e.g. a cost, a loss)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of afrontar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			afrontar
gerund			afrontando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		afrontado		afrontada
		plural		afrontados		afrontadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	afronto	afrontastú afrontásvos	afronta	afrontamos	afrontáis	afrontan
	imperfect	afrontaba	afrontabas	afrontaba	afrontábamos	afrontabais	afrontaban
	preterite	afronté	afrontaste	afrontó	afrontamos	afrontasteis	afrontaron
	future	afrontaré	afrontarás	afrontará	afrontaremos	afrontaréis	afrontarán
	conditional	afrontaría	afrontarías	afrontaría	afrontaríamos	afrontaríais	afrontarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	afronte	afrontestú afrontésvos2	afronte	afrontemos	afrontéis	afronten
	imperfect (ra)	afrontara	afrontaras	afrontara	afrontáramos	afrontarais	afrontaran
	imperfect (se)	afrontase	afrontases	afrontase	afrontásemos	afrontaseis	afrontasen
	future1	afrontare	afrontares	afrontare	afrontáremos	afrontareis	afrontaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		afrontatú afrontávos	afronte	afrontemos	afrontad	afronten
	negative		no afrontes	no afronte	no afrontemos	no afrontéis	no afronten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of afrontar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive afrontar
	dative	afrontarme	afrontarte	afrontarle, afrontarse	afrontarnos	afrontaros	afrontarles, afrontarse
	accusative	afrontarme	afrontarte	afrontarlo, afrontarla, afrontarse	afrontarnos	afrontaros	afrontarlos, afrontarlas, afrontarse
with gerund afrontando
	dative	afrontándome	afrontándote	afrontándole, afrontándose	afrontándonos	afrontándoos	afrontándoles, afrontándose
	accusative	afrontándome	afrontándote	afrontándolo, afrontándola, afrontándose	afrontándonos	afrontándoos	afrontándolos, afrontándolas, afrontándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative afronta
	dative	afróntame	afróntate	afróntale	afróntanos	not used	afróntales
	accusative	afróntame	afróntate	afróntalo, afróntala	afróntanos	not used	afróntalos, afróntalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative afrontá
	dative	afrontame	afrontate	afrontale	afrontanos	not used	afrontales
	accusative	afrontame	afrontate	afrontalo, afrontala	afrontanos	not used	afrontalos, afrontalas
with formal second-person singular imperative afronte
	dative	afrónteme	not used	afróntele, afróntese	afróntenos	not used	afrónteles
	accusative	afrónteme	not used	afróntelo, afróntela, afróntese	afróntenos	not used	afróntelos, afróntelas
with first-person plural imperative afrontemos
	dative	not used	afrontémoste	afrontémosle	afrontémonos	afrontémoos	afrontémosles
	accusative	not used	afrontémoste	afrontémoslo, afrontémosla	afrontémonos	afrontémoos	afrontémoslos, afrontémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative afrontad
	dative	afrontadme	not used	afrontadle	afrontadnos	afrontaos	afrontadles
	accusative	afrontadme	not used	afrontadlo, afrontadla	afrontadnos	afrontaos	afrontadlos, afrontadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative afronten
	dative	afróntenme	not used	afróntenle	afróntennos	not used	afróntenles, afróntense
	accusative	afróntenme	not used	afróntenlo, afróntenla	afróntennos	not used	afróntenlos, afróntenlas, afróntense

Derived terms

• afrontamiento

Related terms

• afrentar
• enfrentar
• frente

References

• “afrontar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
• Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1984) “frente”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), volume II (Ce–F), Gredos, →ISBN, page 954