Appendix:Gahri word list

The following word list of the Bunan language (Gahri language) is from Widmer (2014: 835-869). The language is also called Gahri, but Widmer (2014) refers to it as Bunan.

List of abbreviations

adj.	adjective
adv.	adverb
cop.	copula
dem.	demonstrative
intr.	intransitive conjugation
mid.	middle conjugation
n.	noun
pron.	pronoun
tr.	transitive conjugation
v.	verb
(E)	English loanword
(IA)	Indo-Aryan loanword
(intr.)	intransitive
(pl.).	plural stem
(refl.)	reflexive
(tr.)	transitive
(T)	Tibetan loanword
~	alternates with
	is derived from

List

Gahri	Part of speech	English gloss
kador	n.	bowl, basin
kadʑu	n.	tooled capital of a pillar
kaj	adj.	difficult
kak-	v. tr.	to stop, to block
kakatsi	n.	lamb
kal-	v. tr.	to load
kalak	n.	(1) dough; (2) plaster for re-coating
kaldʑor	n.	cup
kali	n.	sitting carpet (Indo-Aryan)
kaltɕorpa	n.	woman carrying the tɕʰaŋ at the gotsi festival
kaltsi	n.	window
kamkam	n.	gap (small)
kan-	v. tr.	to watch
kan-	v. tr.	to show
kanɲan	n.	imagination
kanɲanmej	adv.	very much, very many, extremely
kanʈi	n.	necklace
kaŋ	n.	leg
kaŋ-	v. tr.	to add
kaŋliŋ	n.	ceremonial thigh-bone trumpet
kapula	n.	traditional shoes made of grass
kaput	n.	hinge
kar-	v. tr.	to smash, to hammer, to thrash
kar	n.	sheep (male, castrated)
kara	n.	donkey
kari	n.	crossbeam (big)
karipa	n.	ritual dancers at the gotsi festival
karma	n.	star
kartak	n.	silver plate
kartsi	n.	male sheep (castrated, young)
kat-	v. intr.	to blow (wind), to turn, to whirl
kat-	v. intr.	to call (for a meeting)
kat	n.	language, voice, noise
katɕa	n.	story (about real events)
katɕʰa	n.	underwear
katɕaŋ	adj.	near, close
katsi	n.	walnut
katsi	n.	wooden ladle used to ladle soup
kaʈi	n.	(1) jaws; (2) scissors
kekir	n.	flat bread
keks	n.	gift, present
keks	n.	wooden stick
kela	n.	banana
kelobotbot	n.	fir tree
kelt-	v. intr.	to carry on one’s person
kem	n.	hon. barley beer, liquor
ken	n.	(1) breakfast; (2) type of porridge consisting of tsampa mixed with water
ken	n.	birth of animals
kendus	n.	forenoon
kenkjatsi	n.	little finger
kent-	v. intr.	to give birth (of animals)
keŋkebotsi	n.	little finger
keŋs	n.	shame
keska	n.	lie
ketdzi	adj.	alone
ketpa	n.	waist
kewa	n.	rebirth
kewa sarasire	n.	early morning
ki-	v. tr.	to wash (dishes, floor)
kil	n.	center, middle
kil-	v. tr.	to dam up water
kilbotsi	n.	middle finger
kin	n.	ibex
kin-	v. tr.	to give birth
kin-	v. mid.	to give birth, to be born
kirka	n.	(1) iron rings used to cover the opening of the oven; (2) wreath made of willow twigs
kirna	adj.	round (of flat things)
kirti	n.	basket (worn on back)
kit	n.	dirt
kitpo	adj.	prosperous
kja-	v. intr.	to become, to become ready
kjakja	adv.	continuously, repeatedly
kjakʰam	n.	food for dogs
kjal-	v. tr.	to swear, to take an oath
kjalkjal	adj.	lying on the back
kjalna	adj.	lying on the back
kjaŋ	n.	jackdaw
kjaŋka	adv.	continuously
kjaŋs-	v. intr.	to deliver a message
kjap-	v. tr.	to protect
kjapstol	n.	refuge
kjar	n.	snow shoe
kjar-	v. tr.	to scare
kjare	n.	blanket (thick)
kjoj	n.	span between thumb and little finger, hand span (traditional length measure)
kjok	adj.	winding
kjon	n.	fraud, deceit
kjoŋbu	n.	small bowl for puja offerings
kjor	n.	dance, game
kjor-	v. intr.	to dance, to play
kjot	n.	hay
kjot-	v. intr.	hon. to come
kju	n.	dumpling for soup
kjuj	adj.	thin, tall
kjuks	n.	ashes
kjuktsi	adj.	small
kjukʈoŋ	n.	chest
kjultar	adj.	bold
kjum	n.	house
kjum-	v. intr.	to ply, to twist (yarn)
kjumar	n.	roof top
kjumtsi	n.	studio, one-room apartment
kjur-	v. tr.	to change, to divert
kjus-	v. intr.	to become long (days)
kjut	n.	wether (goat)
kjutsi	n.	adze
kjuttsi	n.	wether (goat, young)
kjwar-	v. tr.	to spread one's legs
kojotsi	n.	puppy
kok	n.	feed
kok-	v. tr.	to devour
kokma	n.	(1) throat; (2) singing voice
koko	n.	feces, excrements
kokpa	n.	garlic
kol	n.	peel, bark, shell
kol-	v. tr.	to distill
kolɖoŋ	n.	hole (dug by men)
kolom	n.	pebbles (big)
koni	n.	shortage
kontɕok	n.	god
kontsi	n.	back part of foot sole
koŋkoŋ	adj.	bent, crooked (of people)
kopkop	adj.	lying face down
kopna	adj.	sitting face down
kor	n.	subject, matter
kora	n.	balustrade, railing
korlam	n.	circambulation
korna	adj.	round (of ball-shaped things)
korpaŋ	n.	rhombic piece of wood used to lock doors
koroŋkoroŋ	n.	bell
kra	n.	hair
krak-	v. tr.	to fuck
kraks	n.	wedge
kraŋ-	v. tr.	to pile up, to heap up
kraŋɕiŋ	n.	firewood (small pieces)
kraŋi	adj.	hard
krekstaŋ	n.	ending (of stories, songs)
kret-	v. tr.	to sting, to bite
kri-	v. tr.	to dress (with a belt, turban) (tr.)
kris-	v. mid.	to dress (with a belt, turban) (refl.)
krill-	v. tr.	to twist
krim-	v. tr.	to spin a thread with your hands
kriŋ	n.	beam (central)
krok	n.	soot on surfaces
korok-	v. tr.	to dig out, to scrape off
kruk-	v. tr.	to shake, to stir, to roar (of stomach)
ku-	v. intr.	to steal
ku ɕu-	v. tr.	to re-coat the floor by covering it with a mixture of mud and cow manure
kuɕu	n.	apple
kudzu	n.	Kullu valley
kukar	n.	cooker (English)
kuks	n.	jackpot in a dice game
kukuri	n.	chicken (Indo-Aryan)
kulik	n.	key
kunɖa	n.	statue, idol
kunma	n.	thief
kuns	n.	first week of the year
kunsla	n.	2nd month of the traditional calendar
kupat	n.	stone pot used to cook soup
kupi	n.	bucket (traditionally made of hide, now also used for buckets made of plastic)
kur	n.	load
kurim	n.	ritual
kurkuʈik	n.	ant
kurt-	v. intr.	to carry (a load)
kutul	n.	bag
kwak-	v. tr.	to dip
kwaks	n.	gravy, stew
kwake	n.	pebbles
kwal-	v. tr.	to hang up
kwalt-	v. mid.	to stumble over
kwaŋkwaŋ	adj.	curly, crooked
kwaŋna	adj.	bent (of things)
kwartsi	n.	clay pot
kwas-	v. intr.	to become full, to become satiated (from eating or drinking)
kwat-	v. intr.	to boil (intr.)
kwat-	v. intr.	to wash away, to wash off
kʰa	pron.	what?
kʰadze	n.	rake
kʰaj	adj.	black
kʰaksgan	n.	husk
kʰalak	pron.	for what reason?
kʰalma	n.	kidney
kʰamdzaŋ	adj.	fine, alright
kʰamloks	n.	nausea
kʰamoʈi	pron.	something
kʰams	n.	appetite
kʰanak	pron.	how?
kʰanɖoma	n.	fairy
kʰantsuk	pron.	what kind of?
kʰaŋgul	n.	neck
kʰap-	v. tr.	to cover
kʰaps	n.	cover
kʰar	n.	fort, castle
kʰaras	n.	frost, hard snow on which one can walk
kʰarɕot	n.	lid
kʰarkjaŋ	n.	habit
kʰart-	v. intr.	to get stuck, to be trapped
kʰartɕaŋ	adv.	continuously
kʰaspa	n.	expert
kʰat-	v. intr.	to be stuck
kʰatak	n.	ceremonial scarf
kʰatɕe	n.	Muslim
kʰatɕik	pron.	someone
kʰaʈakj	adj.	bitter
kʰe	adj.	cheap
kʰej	adj.	sweet
kʰem	n.	balcony
kʰemtsi	n.	small balcony
kʰep	n.	needle (middle size)
kʰet-	v. tr.	to beat, to hit, to shoot
kʰi	n.	latrine
kʰik-	v. intr.	to stammer
kʰikoŋ	n.	bathroom
kʰilti	n.	puddle
kʰimsa	n.	dirt, dust
kʰintses	n.	neighbor
kʰipe	n.	small pieces of firewood (smaller than ɕugutsi)
kʰir ka-	v. tr.	to turn (tr.)
kʰira	n.	cucumber
kʰirkjak	n.	excrements of dogs
kʰiʈiŋ	n.	penis
kʰjak	v. dem.	here
kʰjarka	n.	glans
kʰjas	n.	itch
kʰjo-	v. tr.	to make dry
kʰjoj	adj.	dry
kʰjokspo	adj.	active
kʰjops-	v. intr.	to go numb
kʰjot-	v. tr.	to become dry
kʰjotsi	n.	spoon
kʰju	n.	dog
kʰju-	v. tr.	to make a thread by winding up wool on a stick
kʰjuk-	v. intr.	to reverberate
kʰjuk-	v. mid.	to reverberate
kʰjul-	v. tr.	to peel
kʰjut	n.	(1) sourdough for lwar before letting it rest; (2) plaster for re-coating
kʰjutsi	n.	(1) arm; (2) cubit with stretched hand (traditional length measure)
kʰjwa	n.	man
kʰobaŋ	n.	hind leg
kʰodzup	n.	thigh (of animal)
kʰoj	adj.	suitable, worth doing
kʰolak	n.	tsampa dish consisting of roasted barley flour and butter tea
kʰolɖo	n.	wheel
kʰon-	v. tr.	to finish
kʰoŋgjaks	adv.	in four days
kʰor-	v. tr.	to repay
kʰor-	v. intr.	to move in a circle
kʰorek	adv.	after, later
kʰorlo	n.	wheel
kʰot	n.	grandchild
kʰokjotɕi ~ kʰotɕi	adv.	behind
kʰral	n.	tax
kʰrempaŋ	n.	eyelid
kʰres	n.	hunger
kʰril-	v. tr.	to embrace
kʰritɕa	n.	loom
kʰrutsi	n.	(1) elbow; (2) cubit with fist (traditional length measure)
kʰu	n.	smoke
kʰujsla	n.	10th month of the traditional calendar
kʰujt-	v. tr.	to thresh
kʰuk-	v. tr.	to find
kʰum	n.	pillow
kʰum	n.	fulcrum (of a lever)
kʰunu	n.	Kinnaur
kʰunukat	n.	Kinnauri language
kʰunupa	n.	person from Kinnaur
kʰur	n.	knife
kʰurta	n.	horse (male, castrated)
kʰutɕu	n.	semen
kʰuʈup	n.	fist
kʰwa	n.	broth, juice of food
kʰwa-	v. intr.	to pluck (herbs), to cut off
kʰwak	n.	crow
kʰwame	n.	plant used to make red color
kʰwaŋɕiŋ	n.	ox collar
kʰwaŋs-	v. intr.	to go out (pl.)
kʰwarek	n.	pheasant
kʰwartum	n.	egg
gaː	n.	term of address for members of a petty chief family
gaɕʈa	n.	stairs
gakgak	n.	suffocation
gal-	v. tr.	to cross
galt-	v. intr.	to lie, to lie down
galtsʰik	n.	spine
galtʰan	n.	girdle (of traditional trousers)
gam	n.	chest, box
gamgam	n.	gap (big)
gamtsa	n.	traditional festival
gamtsi	n.	box (small)
ganɖa	n.	inflamed wound
gaŋ	n.	hill on the side of a mountain
gaŋ-	v. intr.	to swell, to rise
gaŋdʑuŋ	adj.	thoughtless
gaŋgjut	n.	mountain range
gaŋri	n.	snow mountain
gaŋsniŋ	n.	glacier
gaŋstaŋ	n.	glacier
gap-	v. tr.	to incubate, to breed, to hold in one's arms
garaʈʰal	n.	bundle of crops
garmo	n.	crossbreed between dzopo and cow (female)
garpo	n.	crossbreed between dzopo and cow (male)
gartɕam	n.	cold
gatdʑa	n.	uproar, riot
gatpa	n.	cliff, steep slope
gattok	adv.	downhill
gej	num.	eight
geliŋ	n.	double reed shawm used in ceremonies
geloŋ	n.	monk
gen	n.	spring
gentɕi	n.	first grass in spring
genti	n.	pick-axe
gerger	adj.	ponderous, clumsy
ges-	v. tr.	to accept, to take (only used if the relevant object is taken with folded hands or in a vessel)
get	num.	eight (Tibetan)
gewa	n.	funeral gathering
gi-	v. mid.	to wash one's hands / face
gi	pron.	1SG
gil	n.	fence
girmo	n.	crossbreed between garpo and cow (female)
girpo	n.	crossbreed between garpo and cow (male)
gja	num.	hundred (Tibetan)
gjaduŋ	n.	big trumpet used in ceremonies
gjak	adv.	urgent
gjak	n.	day
gjaks-	v. intr.	to agree
gjakʰap	n.	needle (small)
gjal-	v.	(1) to win; (2) to recover
gjalap	n.	rope made of leather
gjalsa	n.	Kullu
gjamo	n.	queen
gjaŋbiʂwatsi	n.	oat
gjaŋjaŋ	adj.	long (in size)
gjap	n.	back
gjapo	n.	king
gjar	n.	fear
gjar-	v. intr.	to be afraid
gjaragire	adj.	circular
gjasok	n.	saw
gjaspa	adj.	elaborate
gjatɕu	num.	eighty (Tibetan)
gjatsi	n.	newborn (female)
gjatso	n.	sea, ocean
gjatʰuk	n.	type of soup
gjok(s)pa	adj.	fast
gjotpa	n.	regret
gjuks	n.	income, gain
gjult-	v. mid.	to come off in large pieces (e.g. skin), to fall out in bunches (e.g. hair)
gjum	n.	nose
gjuma	n.	(1) guts, intestines; (2) sausage made from intestines
gjumpʰuk	n.	nose, nostril
gjundok	adv.	always
gjuŋ-	v. intr.	to cloud over
gjur-	v. tr.	to translate
gjurt-	v. intr.	to change
gjut-	v.	to need
gjuts	n.	need
go-	v. mid.	to have a party
go kuk-	v. tr.	to adopt
goɕen	n.	silk
goks	n.	cough
gokʰaps	n.	shelter for the stairs on the roof
golokmolok	n.	riot, affray
goltɕʰak	n.	chain used to close a door
gom-	v. tr.	to meditate, to think of
gomak	num.	first
gomner	n.	peon of a monastery
gomtɕen	n.	hermit
goŋ	n.	cost
goŋa	n.	collar
goŋgoŋ	adj.	heap-like
goŋma	adj.	upper, higher
goŋpo	n.	envious man
goŋtɕen	adj.	expensive
gopa	n.	leader
gormo	n.	cup (flat and wide)
gorok	n.	seat at the head of the sitting row
gort-	v. intr.	to be late
got	n.	waste, loss
gotma	n.	mare
gotsi	n.	traditional festival celebrated when the hair of one’s son is cut for the first time
gra	n.	salary
gral	n.	sitting row
grampa	n.	cheek
graŋ	n.	stone (generic)
greks	n.	ceremonial song
grelt-	v. intr.	to run
grik-	v. tr.	to put together, to connect
griks	n.	joint
grokpo	n.	river
grokt-	v. tr.	to crumble off, to scale off
groŋbu	n.	weaver's shuttle
grot-	v. intr.	to be finished, to be used up, to come to an end
grwa	n.	lungs
gu	num.	nine
gu	num.	nine (Tibetan)
guj	pron.	where?
gumtsi	n.	(1) bow; (2) traditional measure of length
gun	n.	winter
gundiksla	n.	12th month of the traditional calendar
gunɖum	n.	raisins
gunsa	n.	room used in wintertime
guptɕu	num.	ninety (Tibetan)
guram	n.	sweets
gutsuk	pron.	which?
gwa-	cop.	existential copula (pl.)
gwak-	v. mid.	to embrace
gwaktsi	n.	kind of pot
gwalba	adj.	blind
gwanu	n.	fox
gwaŋ-	v. intr.	to take place, to happen
gwaŋ	n.	snow cock
gwar-	v. tr.	to dig out with a pick-axe
ŋa	n.	double-sided ceremonial drum
ŋa	num.	five (Tibetan)
ŋaj	num.	five
ŋaj	adv.	early
ŋal	n.	plough
ŋaltsi	n.	pick-axe-like instrument to dig a field
ŋama	n.	tail
ŋamɕen	adj.	excellent, paramount
ŋams	n.	yawn
ŋams-	v. intr.	to yawn
ŋargjal	adj.	proud
ŋaro	n.	morning
ŋarodʑuŋ	n.	early in the morning
ŋas	n.	udder
ŋattɕan	adj.	strong
ŋokma	n.	mane (of horses)
ŋonɕe	n.	foresight, ability to foresee things
tɕa	n.	cow dung
tɕa-	v. tr.	to paint, to rub in (face) (tr.)
tɕa-	v. mid.	to rub in (face) (refl.)
tɕaɕi	adv.	regularly
tɕaːdar	n.	sheet
tɕaga	n.	preparation, care
tɕak-	v. tr.	to wash (clothes)
tɕakar	n.	plate used to roll out dough
tɕakdar	n.	ladle (made of iron)
tɕakdzwa	n.	bucket (made of iron)
tɕakna	adv.	daily, every day
tɕaks	n.	iron
tɕaks	n.	knitting needle
tɕakstap	n.	(1) oven; (2) dwelling-room
tɕakstrak	n.	chain made of iron
tɕaku	n.	knife
tɕakwal	n.	shovel made of iron
tɕalak	n.	stuff, things
tɕamna	adj.	whole, full
tɕamtɕam	n.	aluminum
tɕan	n.	snow leopard
tɕanɖa	n.	pocket
tɕaŋma	n.	willow
tɕaŋti	n.	drop from the ceiling
tɕap-	v. tr.	to combine, to put together
tɕapanɖa	n.	ladder
tɕapna	adj.	thin (of flat things)
tɕaptɕap	adj.	thin (of flat things)
tɕaptsi	n.	spy
tɕare	n.	bedbug
tɕarik	n.	supporting wall of terraced fields
tɕasga	n.	ginger
tɕat-	v. tr.	to tear
tɕataram	n.	sickle
tɕataramla	n.	new moon
tɕeldrik	n.	weasel
tɕeli	n.	cow urine
tɕeli	adj.	yellow
tɕentsi	n.	claw (of cows)
tɕeŋna	adj.	standing upright
tɕeŋtɕeŋ	adj.	standing upright
tɕespa	n.	dear one, beloved one
tɕet-	v. tr.	to pull, to eat (of cows)
tɕi	n.	grass
tɕik	num.	one (Tibetan)
tɕil	n.	marrow
tɕini	n.	sugar (Indo-Aryan)
tɕinol	n.	beam used in wall construction
tɕinpa	n.	liver
tɕip-	v. tr.	to suck
tɕir-	v. tr.	to sharpen
tɕirtɕir	n.	murmur
tɕispen	n.	heap of grass
tɕitwasla	n.	9th month of the traditional calendar
tɕo	n.	petty chief
tɕo-	v. tr.	to light, to kindle
tɕos-	v. mid.	to burn (intr.)
tɕok-	v. tr.	to cover (persons, animals)
tɕoks	n.	headscarf
tɕoktsi	n.	sprout (of crops)
tɕol-	v. tr.	to propose
tɕoltɕum	n.	dowry for the bride
tɕom-	v. tr.	to rob
tɕomo	n.	nun
tɕoŋa	num.	fifteen (Tibetan)
tɕoŋɖo	n.	buttocks
tɕopgjat	num.	eighteen (Tibetan)
tɕot-	v. tr.	to beg
tɕotɕo	n.	brother (2nd oldest)
tɕotpa	n.	mood, character
tɕotsi	n.	beggar
tɕu-	v. tr.	to squeeze, to wind out
tɕu	num.	ten (Tibetan)
tɕuɖuk	num.	sixteen (Tibetan)
tɕuj	num.	ten
tɕuktɕik	num.	eleven (Tibetan)
tɕuli	n.	apricot
tɕuli ŋalmo	n.	apricot (dried)
tɕuni	num.	twelve (Tibetan)
tɕunis	num.	twelve
tɕuŋi	quant.	little, less
tɕupdun	num.	seventeen (Tibetan)
tɕupdʑi	num.	fourteen (Tibetan)
tɕupgjat	num.	eighteen
tɕupi	num.	fourteen
tɕur-	v. tr.	to interrogate, to inquire, to ask repeatedly
tɕurgu	num.	nineteen (Tibetan)
tɕurgu	num.	nineteen
tɕurnis	num.	seventeen
tɕusdruk	num.	sixteen
tɕusum	num.	thirteen
tɕusum	num.	thirteen (Tibetan)
tɕutik	num.	eleven
tɕuttɕan	adj.	filling (of food)
tɕwaŋ	num.	fifteen
tɕwaŋ	n.	full moon
tɕʰa	n.	heat of a fire
tɕʰaː	n.	knowledge
tɕʰak	n.	fodder (especially prepared for animals)
tɕʰak-	v. intr.	to stop (intr.)
tɕʰaks-	v. intr.	to grow, to bear fruit, to become pregnant
tɕʰaks-	v. mid.	to grow, to bear fruit, to become pregnant
tɕʰaktsi	n.	earring for men (small)
tɕʰakwaŋ	n.	hon. hand gesture of blessing
tɕʰam	n.	devil dance
tɕʰam-	v. intr.	to dance a mask dance
tɕʰapsken	n.	kettle for tɕʰaŋ
tɕʰat-	v. intr.	to be exhausted
tɕʰats	n.	exhaustion
tɕʰatɕʰat	adj.	poor, torn
tɕʰatkja	n.	promise
tɕʰatɲa	adj.	wretched
tɕʰatpa	n.	punishment
tɕʰe-	v. tr.	to warm up (tr.)
tɕʰes-	v. mid.	to warm up
tɕʰejtuŋna	adj.	lukewarm (of food)
tɕʰejtuŋtuŋ	adj.	lukewarm (of food)
tɕʰej	adj.	warm, hot
tɕʰerpa	n.	spleen
tɕʰeʈi	n.	water (warm)
tɕʰewa	n.	mauler
tɕʰiga	n.	saddle
tɕʰigel	adv.	abroad
tɕʰil-	v. tr.	to choose
tɕʰo-	v. tr.	to dye (wool etc.)
tɕʰoj	adj.	healthy
tɕʰojboj	adj.	healthy
tɕʰok	adj.	enough
tɕʰok-	v. intr.	to be allowed to do something
tɕʰoks	n.	kind of religious ceremony
tɕʰoks	n.	direction
tɕʰol-	v. tr.	to pestle crops, to beat up and down
tɕʰolgjaŋ	n.	pestle
tɕʰolo	n.	dice
tɕʰoms-	v. intr.	to be ornamented, to be prepared in a nice way
tɕʰoŋs-	v. intr.	to jump
tɕʰoŋs-	v. mid.	to jump
tɕʰorten	n.	stupa
tɕʰos	n.	religion
tɕʰos-	v. intr.	to become healthy, to become strong
tɕʰot-	v. tr.	to offer (to gods)
tɕʰot	n.	spraying of food and drinks into the air as an offering before eating and drinking
tɕʰot-	v. intr.	hon. to eat, to drink
tɕʰotkjaŋ	n.	altar
tɕʰotme	n.	butter lamp
tɕʰotpa	n.	offering of dough
tɕʰoʈa	n.	knots of carpets and shawls
tɕʰu	n.	water
tɕʰu-	v. tr.	to fetch, to collect
tɕʰu-	v. mid.	to fetch, to collect
tɕʰuba	n.	traditional dress of men
tɕʰuk-	v. intr.	to land
tɕʰulgjaŋ	n.	mole
tɕʰumik	n.	fountain
tɕʰumpʰjar	n.	waterfall
tɕʰupɕot	n.	stones on a rosary
tɕʰuput	n.	consecrated water
tɕʰun-	v. tr.	to bind around, to tie, to knot
tɕʰuns	n.	binding wire, twig of young trees used to bind together heaps of firewood
tɕʰur-	v. tr.	to milk
tɕʰurlaps	n.	wave
tɕʰurpe	n.	dry cheese
tɕʰuskol	n.	water (boiled)
tɕʰuta	n.	riverbank
tɕʰuto	n.	beak
tɕʰutsi	n.	plaited stand of hair
tɕʰutsʰot	n.	watch
tɕʰwa	n.	funeral ceremony
dʑa	n.	tea
dʑabra	n.	foot (of cups)
dʑak	n.	fat (liquid)
dʑak	n.	urine
dʑakkju	n.	chain
dʑakpa	n.	lasso, noose
dʑal-	v. intr.	hon. to visit
dʑalta	n.	command, order
dʑalu	n.	kind of pot
dʑam	n.	hon. soup
dʑami	adj.	smooth
dʑaŋ-	v. tr.	hon. to build, to erect
dʑaŋ	n.	north
dʑaŋ-	v. intr.	to get used to something
dʑar	n.	mortar bowl
dʑar-	v. tr.	to eat up, to clean
dʑars-	v. mid.	to shave
dʑarduŋ	n.	mortar
dʑatdʑat	adj.	oval
dʑatsak	n.	tea sieve
dʑatʰaŋ	n.	black tea
dʑaw	n.	lame person
dʑawaj	adj.	lame
dʑekdaŋ	n.	hatred
dʑelsa	n.	festival
dʑert-	v. intr.	to rise
dʑi	num.	four (Tibetan)
dʑikt-	v. mid.	to collapse (of walls)
dʑili	n.	light
dʑili	adj.	bright
dʑipdʑip	adj.	blurred
dʑiptɕu	num.	forty (Tibetan)
dʑoks	n.	shape, manner
dʑokstɕan	adj.	skillful
dʑoli	n.	bag (worn on back)
dʑom-	v. tr.	hon. to cremate
dʑonta	n.	horse (for riding)
dʑordʑor	adj.	jutting (of ears)
dʑot-	v. intr.	to sit, to sit down, to stay, to remain, to live
dʑu-	v. tr.	to digest
dʑu	n.	lips
dʑu-	v. tr.	hon. to request
dʑu	n.	greeting gesture (with one hand held against the forehead)
dʑuks-	v. intr.	hon. to sit
dʑuŋ	n.	middle
dʑuŋ	adv.	straight ahead
dʑur-	v. tr.	to debranch
dʑut-	v. intr.	to be weak
dʑwalt-	v. mid.	to break off and hang down
ɲa	n.	fish
ɲa	n.	nose ring (for animals)
ɲa-	v. tr.	to borrow
ɲa	n.	gift given to the bride
ɲaɕa	n.	meat (dried)
ɲakspu	n.	pubic hair
ɲamlen	n.	experience
ɲampo	adv.	together
ɲartsi	n.	pea
ɲoŋ-	v. tr.	to experience, to suffer
ɲos-	v. intr.	to clear up (sky)
ɲugu	n.	pen, reed-pen
ɲuktsi	n.	monkey
ɲuŋ-	v. tr.	to swallow
ɲuŋskar	n.	mustard
ɲurtsi	n.	herbal plant with strong smell
ʈabar	n.	family
ʈaɕitʰaliŋ	n.	prayer flag
ʈakpo	adj.	strong, powerful
ʈakʈak	adj.	dried up (of bread), hard, arrogant
ʈaŋska	n.	number
ʈawna	adj.	deaf
ʈawo	adj.	similar
ʈel	n.	care
ʈivi	n.	TV (English)
ʈokʈoktsi	n.	elbow
ʈol-	v. tr.	to explain
ʈoŋs-	v. hon.	to die
ʈoŋʈoŋbujaŋ	n.	bumble bee
ʈopi	n.	hat (Indo-Aryan)
ʈops	n.	ear piercing
ʈulku	n.	reincarnation
ʈumtsi	n.	bud
ʈʰakluŋ	n.	anger
ʈʰampa	adj.	hard-working
ʈʰaw	n.	teapot
ʈʰi	n.	hon. seat of high lamas
ʈʰikna	adj.	sure
ʈʰikspa	n.	gall bladder
ʈʰikʂin	n.	migraine
ʈʰimkʰaŋ	n.	court
ʈʰimpon	n.	judgement
ʈʰims	n.	judgement
ʈʰolu	n.	hammer (small)
ʈʰopa	adj.	similar
ʈʰot-	v. intr.	(1) to fit well, to suit; (2) to be delivered
ʈʰul	n.	demon, specter
ʈʰultan	n.	sitting pillow, sitting mattress
ʈʰums	n.	grief
ʈʰuŋs-	v. hon.	to be born
ʈʰup-	v. tr.	to be able, to accomplish
ʈʰutɕu	n.	fodder (food rests for animals)
ɖa	n.	enemy
ɖa	n.	sound, word
ɖampak	n.	mud
ɖampakbu	n.	earth worm
ɖanɖa	adv.	equally
ɖaŋɖaŋ	adj.	full, satiated
ɖapna	adj.	big (flat things)
ɖatpa	n.	brain
ɖawa	n.	money
ɖemɖem	adj.	pondering
ɖik-	v. intr.	to be suitable, to be appropriate
ɖiks	n.	agreement
ɖik	adj.	okay, suitable
ɖilu	n.	bell used in ceremonies
ɖiŋ	adj.	middle, medium (in size)
ɖipʰuk	n.	cave for meditation
ɖiu	n.	mule
ɖiwa	n.	lamp
ɖoksa	n.	pasture land
ɖomba	n.	(1) blacksmith, goldsmith; (2) Lohar (ethno-linguistic community of Indo-Aryan origin)
ɖon	n.	non-religious festival
ɖonpo	n.	guest, customer
ɖoŋɖoŋ	adj.	deep
ɖos-	v. mid.	to discuss
ɖotɕa	n.	type of deep-fried pastry
ɖu	n.	edge, corner
ɖubak	n.	gun
ɖuɕiŋ	n.	match
ɖuk	num.	six (Tibetan)
ɖukan	n.	corner (of walls)
ɖukbotsi	n.	sixth finger
ɖuktɕu	num.	sixty (Tibetan)
ɖunɖo	n.	domestic animal
ɖup-	v. tr.	to finish, to complete
ɖwa	n.	taste
ta-	cop.	possessive copula
ta	n.	vein
tabap	n.	platform to dismount from a horse
tago	n.	door of a courtyard
tak-	v. tr.	to stick, to stab, to pierce, to support
taks	n.	pillar
tak	n.	tiger
tak	n.	omen
tak- ~ taks-	v. intr.	to smell (intr.)
taks	n.	smell
taka	adj.	sure
takar	n.	axe
takj	adj.	medium (of saltiness / spiciness)
taks	n.	gift, present
taktsi	n.	bundle, bunch
tal	pron.	3SG
taltɕak	n.	whip
tamak	n.	cigarette
tambu	n.	tent
tamŋan	n.	bad talking
tampa	n.	board for cutting food
tampo	adj.	reliable, firm
tams-	v. intr.	hon. to be born
tan-	v. tr.	to wake up (tr.)
tanpo	adv.	carefully
tant-	v. intr.	to see
tantan	adv.	definitely, surely
taŋgata	n.	offensive behavior
taŋkar	n.	threshold
tap-	v. tr.	to fold, to bend, to bring back
tapɕatapɕa	adv.	again and again
tapna	adj.	same, similar
taps	n.	slope
tar-	v. intr.	to do, to be industrious
tara	n.	fence (for animals)
tarakna	adj.	proper
tarbaŋs	n.	excrements of horses and donkeys
tarkʰa	n.	manner, way
tart-	v. intr.	(1) to be free; (2) to behave wild
tasta	n.	spatula used to turn kekir and lwar
tat-	v. tr.	to prepare, to put, to distribute
tatmo	n.	festival
tatna	adj.	small, low
tattat	adj.	small, low
teama	n.	aunt (mother's oldest sister)
teawa	n.	uncle (father's oldest brother)
tebu	n.	snake
tedzi	adj.	big, honest
tek	n.	untanned hide of a cow
tela	n.	oil
temɖel	n.	favorable circumstances, auspicious occasion
temna	adj.	still, motionless
tempa	n.	trap
temrel	n.	blessing
temtem	adj.	brimful
ten-	v. tr.	to worship, venerate
tentsi	n.	cushion
tepaŋbotsi	n.	thumb
tepna	adj.	wretched
teptep	adj.	plain, flat
tet- ~ tets-	v. intr.	to think
tets	n.	thought, thinking
tete	n.	grandfather
tibril	n.	teapot
tik-	v. tr.	to close (tr.)
tiks-	v. tr.	to close (intr.)
tiks	n.	lid
tika	n.	bindī, dot of red color worn between the eyebrows (Indo-Aryan)
tiki	num.	one
tikna	quant.	little, few (of liquid objects)
tikpa	n.	testicles
tikpa pʰon-	v. tr.	to castrate
tinan	n.	Tinan Valley
tinankat	n.	Tinan language
tinanpa	n.	person from Tinan Valley
tiŋi	adj.	blue/green
tiŋpipili	n.	green chili
tip-	v. tr.	to beat
tiptsi	n.	tip, top, peak
tiskar	n.	thirst
tispu	n.	mill
tit-	v. intr.	to irrigate
tjal kʰet-	v. tr.	to swim
tjo-	v. intr.	to weep
to-	v. tr.	to dress (with a cap) (tr.)
to-	v. mid.	to dress (with a cap) (refl.)
to-	v. tr.	to lead
to-	v. tr.	to beat a drum
toba	n.	haste, hurry
tok-	v. tr.	to recognize
tok-	v. tr.	to take off (clothes) (tr.)
tok-	v. mid.	to take off (clothes) (refl.)
tok-	v. tr.	to pluck
toka	adv.	only
tokna	adj.	correct, right
tokom	n.	saddlecloth, colorful sitting carpet
toks-	v. intr.	to be called
tol-	v. tr.	to pierce
tolmo	n.	crossbreed between bull and yak (female)
tolpo	n.	crossbreed between bull and yak (male)
ton-	v. tr.	to lift up
tondʑuksla	n.	11th month of the traditional calendar
tonpa	n.	teacher
tontʰok	n.	crops, harvest
toŋ	num.	thousand (Tibetan)
toŋpa	adj.	empty
torma	n.	idol of evil spirits
tot	n.	Tod valley
tot-	v. intr.	to be affected by
totpa	n.	person from Tod Valley
totsi	n.	turban
tottok	adv.	up the valley
tra-	v. mid.	to sunbathe
trak-	v. tr.	to scratch
tral-	v. tr.	to tear (tr.)
trap	n.	bridle (to ride)
tre	n.	fermenting agent
trinmo	n.	demon, specter (female)
trinpo	n.	demon, specter (male)
trok	n.	life
troks-	v. intr.	to become frightened
trons	n.	jewelry for the ear
tru-	v. tr.	to light, to kindle (electric light and fire)
tru-	v. mid.	to burn (intr.) (of electric light and fire)
truj	num.	six
truk-	v. tr.	to knead
trukna	adj.	together
truks	n.	sweat
trwa	n.	purse worn around your neck
trwan-	v. tr.	to hang (tr.), to hang up
tu-	v.	to light, to kindle (wood, candles)
tus-	v. mid.	to burn (of wood, candles)
tuk-	v. tr.	to sew
tuk	n.	parasitic worm living on sheep
tukak	n.	red stone
tukt-	v. mid.	to drip (from a full vessel)
tul	n.	dust
tul-	v. tr.	to tame, to teach manners
tum-	v. tr.	to sweep
tum-	v. tr.	to assemble
tumtsi	n.	berry
tun-	v. tr.	to inhale
tunik	adj.	short
tuŋ-	v. intr.	to drink
tuŋi	adj.	thick (flat things)
tup-	v. tr.	to cut
turt-	v. intr.	to shake, to tremble
twa-	v. intr.	to mow
twas	n.	harvest
twan-	v. tr.	to borrow, to lend
twaski sla	n.	month of harvest
tʰadzu	v. dem.	that
tʰadzuŋ	v. dem.	there
tʰaj	v. dem.	up there
tʰak-	v. tr.	to break (tr.)
tʰakɕa	n.	weaving comb
tʰakɕa kʰet-	v. tr.	to batten (loom)
tʰakpa	n.	rope
tʰaks-	v. intr.	to get ready
tʰaks	adj.	ready
tʰakʰap	n.	needle (big)
tʰalt-	v. mid.	to pass, to elapse
tʰamatʰome	adj.	careless
tʰami	v. dem.	down there
tʰan	adv.	today
tʰansuŋ	adv.	this year
tʰaŋ	adj.	plain
tʰaŋ	n.	(1) plain; (2) grazing grounds
tʰaŋ-	v. tr.	to see
tʰap	n.	fire-place, hearth
tʰapa	n.	Indian, person of Indo-Aryan origin
tʰaptsaŋ	n.	kitchen
tʰar-	v. tr.	to forge, to beat metal
tʰara	v. dem.	that other
tʰaraŋ	v. dem.	in that other place
tʰaskat	n.	Hindi language
tʰat-	v. intr.	to be happy
tʰat-	v. tr.	to drop, to take down, to fell (trees)
tʰats	n.	pleasure
tʰatɕa	n.	shepherd's camp in the high mountains (Indo-Aryan)
tʰatɕak	n.	seam
tʰatiŋ	n.	surrounding area
tʰe	v. dem.	this
tʰek-	v. tr.	to be able to carry, to be able to endure
tʰe=lek	v. dem.	as much as this
tʰempa	n.	stairs (made of stone)
tʰentsuk	v. dem.	this kind of, such
tʰep-	v. tr.	(1) to catch; (2) to check a herd of cattle for missing animals
tʰetsoms	n.	doubt
tʰi-	v. mid.	to melt, to dissolve
tʰiː	adj.	(1) liquid; (2) wet
tʰikma	n.	tie-dye
tʰiktsi	n.	crossbeam (small)
tʰil	n.	bottom, ground
tʰin-	v. tr.	to take, to accept
tʰip-	v. mid.	to fight, to quarrel
tʰipna	adj.	dedicated, devoted
tʰir-	v. tr.	to send (a person)
tʰjot-	v. intr.	to weep (pl.)
tʰohit	n.	notebook
tʰoj	adj.	high
tʰok	n.	ceiling
tʰok-	v. intr.	to leak, to drip
tʰok-	v. tr.	to announce
tʰoktset	n.	story (of a building)
tʰombu	n.	ladle (big & cylindric)
tʰon-	v. tr.	to finish, to complete
tʰoŋ	n.	room
tʰoŋ	adv.	inside
tʰopna	adj.	without giving thought
tʰopo	n.	cup
tʰoptʰop	adj.	mentally retarded
tʰor-	v. tr.	to pour into (big vessels)
tʰos-	v. intr.	to be high
tʰotpa	n.	skull
tʰruŋ-	v. tr.	to nourish
tʰu	n.	spittle
tʰuk-	v. tr.	to crash into, to bounce against
tʰukdʑe	n.	help, favor
tʰukpa	n.	noodle soup
tʰuktak	n.	hon. prophecy
tʰum-	v. tr.	to wrap
tʰums	n.	wrapping
tʰun	n.	meditation
tʰunt-	v. intr.	to agree, to become friends
tʰurgop	n.	headstall
tʰurtsʰes	n.	waning phase of the moon
tʰuru	n.	foal
tʰwa-	v. tr.	to beg
tʰwa	n.	hammer (big)
da-	v. tr.	to give
da	adv.	now
dagam	n.	arm's length (traditional length measure)
daka	n.	long and cylindric double-sided drum
dakpo	n.	husband
daksam	adv.	now
dakt-	v. mid.	to break (intr.)
dal	n.	slowness
daltok	adv.	slow, late
dam-	v. tr.	to choose
dampo	adj.	tight
dan	n.	belly, stomach
dana	n.	Manali
dangjaks	adv.	in six days
daŋ	n.	meadow
daŋra	n.	cow shed
daŋta	adv.	still
daps	n.	side
dar	n.	mountain ridge
darpotɕʰe	n.	big prayer flags
dart-	v. intr.	to emerge, to develop
dartɕok	n.	prayer flag on house roofs
dartsa	n.	pan
daru	n.	ladle (wooden)
daːstok	adv.	meanwhile
dat-	v. intr.	to fall down
datɕi	n.	pruning knife
datle	adv.	right now, just now
datpa	n.	belief, trust
dawa	n.	Monday
dej	adj.	beautiful, pleasant
demtsi	n.	bridge (small)
densa	n.	pity
deŋ- ~ deŋs-	v. intr.	to believe
deŋs	n.	belief
deŋme	n.	belief
depna	adj.	flat, plain (of land)
det-	v. intr.	to lead
dik	n.	vase-shaped pot
dikpa	n.	sin
dikparatsa	n.	scorpion
diksak	n.	sister-in-law
dilak	adv.	on the right side of a valley (when looking downstream)
diŋski	adv.	always
dip-	v. tr.	to tear down (roof)
dipt-	v. mid.	to collapse (of roofs) (intr.)
dir	n.	bolt, bar
dirt-	v. intr.	to thunder
djara	n.	season, period
djwak	adv.	two days ago
dok	n.	color
dok waŋs-	v. intr.	to become successful, to become healthy
dokmet	adj.	weak
doktsi	n.	handle (of agricultural instruments)
dolam	n.	pair of kettle drums
dole	n.	oval metal bowl
dolt-	v. intr.	to be torn, to be pierced
dolt-	v. mid.	to be torn, to be pierced
dom	n.	bear
dom-	v. mid.	to be busy
don-	v. intr.	hon. to eat
dontʰak	n.	skills of managing
doŋbo	n.	log
doŋmo	n.	churn
dopna	adj.	plain, pure, uncooked
dorok	adj.	free, for free
dot-	v. intr.	to meet, to touch
dralt-	v. mid.	to be torn
dran-	v. tr.	to miss
dras-	v. tr.	to chase away
dril-	v. tr.	to roll out
drilu	n.	bell (used for rituals)
du	n.	cloud, fog
du-	v. tr.	to collect, to gather
dubaŋ	n.	front leg (of animals)
duk	n.	poison
duk-	v. tr.	to touch, to put together
dukpo	n.	traditional dress of women
dumbu	n.	small pieces
dun	num.	seven (Tibetan)
duntɕu	num.	seventy (Tibetan)
duntsar	n.	small bowl used for ceremonies
dunʈʰak	n.	week
duɲam	adv.	simultaneously
duŋ	n.	pestle
duŋ	n.	conch shell
duŋal	n.	mourning
duŋrutsi	n.	vitiligo
dupa	n.	ancestor
dupdup	adj.	blunt, edgeless
dupna	adj.	blunt, edgeless
dur-	v. mid.	to compete, to take on
durek	adv.	earlier, before
durna	adj.	running (of nose)
dutɕi ~ dutɕumaŋ	adv.	in front of, before
dutpa	n.	knot
dwaŋ	adv.	two years ago
na	n.	oath
nak	n.	pus
naka	n.	kind, sort
nakɕa	n.	picture
nakj	adj.	flexible
naksa	n.	ink
nalma	n.	yarn
nam	n.	sky
nam	n.	daughter-in-law
namdo	n.	meteorite
namdʑuk	n.	future, time to come
namgaŋ	n.	new moon
namlaŋs	n.	ritual performed in the early morning on a wedding day by the ɖomba (Lohar)
nams-	v. intr.	to burn off
namtɕamtɕim	n.	dusk, twilight
nan-	v. tr.	to press
nan-	v. tr.	to bury stocks of food
nan-	v. tr.	to control, to seize control of
naŋ	n.	inside
naŋdʑin	adj.	like, similar
naŋrek	adv.	into, inside
naŋs	n.	thought, notice
naŋsmettok	adv.	suddenly
naŋtɕi	adv.	inside
naŋtsi	n.	bracelet
napti	n.	mucus
nas-	v. intr.	to be sick
naspati	n.	pear (Indo-Aryan)
natɕoŋma	n.	young woman
natpa	n.	sick person, patient
ne-	v. tr.	to rub in, to tan
nego	n.	pilgrimage in holy years
nej	adj.	thick (of liquids)
nek	adv.	last year
nekor	n.	pilgrimage
neme	adj.	tasty
nen	n.	relative
neneɲuŋne	n.	Buddhist fasting festival
nerpa	n.	manager of a monastery
ni	num.	two (Tibetan)
niɕu	num.	twenty (Tibetan)
nidza	num.	twenty
nidʑi	num.	seven
nil	n.	gums
nimapʰet	n.	noon
nimbu	n.	lemon (Indo-Aryan)
nin	n.	daytime
ninmun	adv.	day and night
niŋ-	v. tr.	to rub oil into hair (tr.)
niŋ-	v. tr.	to rub oil into hair (refl.)
niŋdʑes	n.	compassion, pity
niŋrus	n.	effort, industry
niŋs	n.	wish
nira	n.	afternoon
nirma	n.	wrinkle
nisdap	adj.	double
niskiŋ	num.	two
nispi	num.	two (for human beings)
nit-	v. mid.	to wither
nitsi	n.	sun
noj	quant.	(too) much, (too) many
nomo	n.	sister (younger)
noŋs-	v. intr.	to be spoilt, to be destroyed
nor	n.	jewelry
norbu	n.	jewel
nort-	v. intr.	to be confounded
noskjal	n.	harm
nospok	n.	truth
not-	v. intr.	to be harmful
notpa	n.	harm
nubiŋ	adv.	in two years
nuj	adj.	new
nu=lek	v. dem.	as much as that
num	n.	oil
num	adj.	greasy, oily
num-	v. tr.	to smell
numaŋ	n.	jade
nuntsuk	v. dem.	that kind of, such
nuŋ	v. dem.	there
nup	n.	west
nupar	n.	cream, milk skin
nusgjak	v. dem.	on that day
nwaːstok	adv.	at that time
pak-	v. tr.	to measure
pak-	v. tr.	to put cow dung on a wall
pakbu	n.	caterpillar
paksgormo	n.	big cup (used in ceremonies)
paldʑarak	n.	stones used to cover a roof
pan-	v. mid.	to fly
pan-	v. tr.	to scare away animals
pant-	v. intr.	to spin
paŋ	n.	spindle
paŋkreks	n.	(1) hook (of a spindle); (2) kneecap
paŋpo	n.	witness
paŋs	n.	meadow
papu	n.	sock
pardaŋ	n.	excitement
parget	n.	belt
pari	adj.	wide, broad
parindʑa	n.	bow-string
parka	n.	will power
paru	n.	small box
pat	n.	letter (Indo-Aryan)
paʈakna	adv.	immediately
pawla	n.	shoe
pe-	v. tr.	to pick up
peltsi	n.	milk
pera	n.	basket (carried with hands)
pes	n.	divination
petal	n.	plate (Indo-Aryan)
petɕa	n.	book
petɕuŋ	n.	father's sister's husband
petse	n.	twins
piː	num.	four
pil-	v. tr.	to sieve, to sift
piltsi	n.	sift
pimik	n.	hip, hip joint
pin-	v. tr.	to fill, to load, to stuff
pipili	n.	chilly (Indo-Aryan)
piri	n.	border of a field
pispis	n.	engorgement
pistok	n.	barter among relatives
pitaŋ	n.	door
piti	n.	Spiti
pitikat	n.	Tibetan variety of Spiti
pitsi	n.	rope (thin)
pjak-	v. tr.	(1) to hide (tr.); (2) to bury
pjar-	v. tr.	to attach, to fix, to glue
pjar-	v.	to winnow
pjatsi	n.	bird
pjoŋpjoŋtsi	n.	uvula
pju-	v. tr.	to see off, to drop (a person)
pju-	v. mid.	to see off, to drop (a person)
pjutsi	n.	mouse, rat
po-	v. tr.	to soak
polɖo	n.	ball
pon	n.	artist, painter
porotsi	n.	heap of grain in fields
portsi	n.	navel
pos	n.	incense
pra-	v. tr.	to say goodbye, to bid farewell
pra tɕek-	v. mid.	to be surprised
prak-	v. tr.	to cut, to divide
prakpʰuk	n.	cave
prantsi	n.	small twigs
praŋ-	v. tr.	to stretch out
praps	n.	worm living on the sheep of wool
prek-	v. tr.	to shovel snow
prektsi	n.	broom
preŋpreŋtsi	n.	spine
prim-	v. tr.	to swab (tr.)
prims-	v. mid.	to swab (refl.)
prin	n.	glue
pro	n.	anger
proks	n.	kick
pu	n.	(1) body hair; (2) fur
pu	n.	chaff
puɕa	n.	head
pujdak	adj.	beautiful (of objects), of good quality
puk	n.	roasted barley
puk-	v. tr.	to rub in (soap) (tr.)
puk-	v. tr.	to rub in (soap) (refl.)
pul-	v. tr.	to pull out, to tear out
pula	n.	traditional shoe made of grass
pumpa	n.	shoulder
punasla	n.	4rd month of the traditional calendar
puŋt-	v. intr.	to grow
pur-	v. tr.	to kill
pur	n.	hon. dead body
puri	n.	pipe of stove
purkjum	n.	soot on stove
pus	n.	knee
put	n.	teat
putuŋ	n.	penis
puʈukna	adv.	immediately
pʰa-	v. tr.	to spray, to scatter
pʰaɕu	n.	vagina
pʰak-	v. tr.	to fuck
pʰakpʰjas	n.	secret
pʰala	n.	ploughshare
pʰalaŋpjatsi	n.	bat
pʰam-	v. tr.	to defeat
pʰan-	v. intr.	to sew
pʰans	n.	seam
pʰan-	v. intr.	to be beneficial, to be effective
pʰandilbaʈi	n.	kind of pot
pʰanɖu	n.	arrowhead
pʰantɕipa	n.	tailor
pʰantʰoks	n.	benefit
pʰaŋpʰaŋ	adj.	light (of hollow things)
pʰaŋs	n.	sorrow
pʰaŋs-	v.	be sorry, be miser
pʰap-	v.	take down
pʰardut	n.	knot
pʰasna	adv.	suddenly
pʰasta	adv.	by chance
pʰat	n.	bag
pʰat-	v. tr.	to undo, to free from a chain
pʰatilbaʈi	n.	pot
pʰel-	v. tr.	to increase, to multiply
pʰen-	v. tr.	to pour out, to empty, to spill
pʰet	n.	half
pʰet-	v. tr.	to make a path in the snow
pʰetarak	n.	(1) forehead; (2) luck
pʰetse ama	n.	aunt (mother's 2nd youngest sister)
pʰetse awa	n.	uncle (father's 2nd youngest brother)
pʰetsetsi	adj.	young (babies and small children)
pʰetʈel	adj.	half-done, half-finished
pʰi	n.	outside, surface
pʰiː	adv.	late
pʰik-	v. tr.	to fuck
pʰilak	adv.	outside
pʰimpa	n.	felt
pʰinaŋ	adv.	inside and outside
pʰirek	adv.	abroad, outside
pʰiro	n.	night
pʰisa	n.	feces
pʰitok	n.	evening
pʰitokdʑuŋ	n.	late evening
pʰja-	v. intr.	to speak
pʰjas	n.	talk
pʰja	n.	marmot
pʰjar-	v. tr.	to raise, to lift up
pʰjormo	adj.	pretty
pʰjorpo	adj.	handsome
pʰju	n.	fart
pʰjukpo	adj.	rich
pʰoj	adj.	moist
pʰok-	v. intr.	to be hurt
pʰokara	n.	donkey (male)
pʰokʰju	n.	dog (male)
pʰon-	v. tr.	to twist, to take out
pʰot	n.	dried stuff
pʰot-	v. tr.	to dress (with a shirt) (tr.)
pʰot-	v. mid.	to dress (with a shirt) (refl.)
pʰots	n.	clothes
pʰotɕomo	n.	hermaphrodite
pʰotsi	n.	idol made of flour
pʰra	n.	rosary
pʰrak-	v. tr.	to dismantle partially
pʰral-	v. tr.	to separate
pʰran-	v. tr.	to turn over
pʰrek-	v. tr.	to cause to slide down in small portions (of hay, earth, etc.)
pʰremalik	n.	butterfly
pʰreŋna	adj.	standing in a row
pʰreŋpʰreŋ	adj.	lying in a row
pʰrettok	adv.	horizontal
pʰri-	v. tr.	to take away, to diminish
pʰrin	n.	message
pʰrips	n.	sneezing
pʰu	n.	puff of air
pʰu-	v. tr.	to push
pʰu	n.	big pot used for the distillation of liquor
pʰu lot-	v. tr.	to blow (out)
pʰuk	n.	cave, hole in surfaces
pʰuk	adj.	narrow
pʰul-	v. tr.	hon. to present, to offer
pʰulgobi	n.	cauliflower (Indo-Aryan)
pʰuli	n.	nose piercing
pʰundʑi	adj.	hot (burning)
pʰunʈi	n.	water (hot)
pʰuŋ	n.	bundle of wool (not rolled up)
pʰuŋpo	n.	hon. dead body
pʰup	n.	shield
pʰur-	v. tr.	to shake
pʰurpa	n.	dagger for ceremonies
pʰus	n.	stroke, blow
pʰut-	v. intr.	to be frostbitten
pʰwa	n.	stomach
ba	n.	wall
baɕi	n.	mixed breed of cow and yak
bajaks	adv.	in three days
bak	n.	mask
bakɕatsi	n.	deep-fried bread
baklok	n.	party held one year after the wedding ceremony and organized by the bride's family
bakma	n.	bride
baksken	n.	first night of the bridal couple
bakston	n.	wedding
bakta	n.	period, time (Indo-Aryan)
baktʰuk	n.	glue
bakʈʰitpa	n.	best man
bala	n.	rose
balbo	n.	Nepal
balpa	n.	frog
baltɕoŋ	n.	lizard
balʈi	n.	bucket (Indo-Aryan)
bamt-	v. mid.	to become insane
ban-	v. tr.	to construct
banɖe	n.	cow that does not give milk (because of pregnancy or sickness)
banʈʰa	n.	share of heritage
baŋ	n.	foot
baŋbotsi	n.	toe
baŋga	n.	marihuana
baŋgjap	n.	dorsum of the foot
baŋtʰil	n.	sole
bap-	v. intr.	to be forced to do
baps-	v. intr.	to come down
baps-	v. mid.	to come down
baptsa	n.	socks (short)
bar-	v. intr.	(1) to bloom; (2) to flame (up)
bar	adv.	often, sometimes
barawa	n.	uncle (father's middle brother)
barbarguŋ	adv.	often, sometimes
bardo	n.	trouble, hardship
barlak	n.	gap
barlakkuŋ	adv.	sometimes
bart-	v. mid.	to come undone
bartsa	n.	spear
bat	n.	bark
batak	n.	root
batsi	n.	(1) skin; (2) leather
baʈi	n.	pot
baʈo	n.	goat (male)
bawa	n.	goiter
be	n.	rock
bema	n.	sand
bent-	v. intr.	to be spilled
bent-	v. mid.	to be spilled
beŋbeŋ	adj.	unconscious
beŋna	adj.	unconscious
berbu	n.	trousers
berka	n.	stick, threshing flail
berkjak	n.	excrements of birds
bertsot	n.	naughty child, rascal
bes	n.	mutual help
bes-	v. mid.	to help one another
bet	n.	brother (younger)
bet-	v. tr.	to add
bete	n.	child, baby
beʈa	n.	Mon, traditional musicians and petty-traders travelling in around in North India
bidʑil	n.	electricity (Indo-Aryan)
bik	adj.	full
bila	n.	cat (Indo-Aryan)
biŋ-	v. intr.	to become full
biŋ	n.	years (of age)
bitsi	n.	thread
bjaj	adj.	thin (of flat things), light (of alcohol)
bjak-	v. intr.	to hide oneself
bjanmo	n.	wife
bjantɕa	n.	piece of wood used in the distillation of arak
bjart-	v. mid.	to be attached to, to stick to
bjoŋbjoŋ	adj.	dangling
bjoŋna	adj.	dangling
bohik	n.	Tibetan script
boj	adj.	thick (of long things), fat
bok	n.	undulating part of a path
bokbok	adj.	undulating (long distance)
bokna	adj.	undulating (short distance)
bolɲotsi	n.	excrements of goats and sheep
bolok	n.	cow dung
bont-	v. mid.	to become twisted
bont-	v. mid.	to start going
bor	n.	shrub
bora	n.	bag
bortsa	n.	shrub
boskat	n.	Tibetan language
bospa	adj.	vain
bot	n.	Tibet
boti	n.	whey
botkjuŋ	n.	Tibet
botsi	n.	finger
botsibi	n.	index finger's breadth (traditional length measure)
boʈul	n.	kind of pot
boʈʰak	n.	index finger's breadth (traditional length measure)
brak	n.	(1) rock; (2) wall
brak-	v. tr.	to arrange, to tie up
brakna	adj.	shining (sun)
braktɕʰal	n.	echo
bralt-	v. mid.	to break off and fall down
brant-	v. mid.	to fall
braŋbraŋ	adj.	full, satisfied
braŋɕikpa	n.	tick-like insect
braŋsa	n.	apartment, dwelling place
braŋsi	n.	honey
braŋsibujaŋ	n.	honey bee
braŋsibupa	n.	bee-keeper
braŋsitsʰaŋ	n.	bee hive
bras	n.	rice
bras-	v. mid.	to disperse, to separate
braw	n.	buckwheat
brawmjosla	n.	7th month of the traditional calendar
brekt-	v. mid.	to slide, to slip
brel-	v. tr.	to join together, to intertwine
bret-	v. intr.	to slip
bril-	v. tr.	to include
brilbril	adj.	shapeless
bris-	v. tr.	to write
bro-	v. tr.	to mix
bro-	v. mid.	to interact
broks-	v. intr.	to rise (of water level)
bromolalatsi	n.	rainbow
broŋ-	v.	make fun of
broŋs-	v. intr.	to prance, to romp
broŋs-	v. mid.	to banter, to tease one another
bru-	v. tr.	to rub, to clean
bruk	n.	dragon
bruk-	v. intr.	to overflow, to boil over
brut-	v. intr.	to wipe off
bu	n.	insect
bu juk-	v. mid.	to become foggy
bubu	n.	owl
bujaŋ	n.	fly
bul	n.	log, firewood (big pieces)
bulon	n.	loan, debts
bulʈʰuk	n.	stripes of dough put into soup
bumpa	n.	cup for religious offerings
bumskʰor	n.	annual ceremony in Keylong for a good harvest
buŋ	n.	ankle
buŋs-	v. intr.	to inflate due to chilblain
bup-	v. intr.	to stumble
bur	n.	ear of grain
buras	n.	silk
but-	v. tr.	to put, to place, to leave
butsa	n.	boy, son
buʈa	n.	tree
bwa	n.	bubble
ma	n.	boil, ulcer
mabap	n.	bad talk
mak	n.	fog
makpa	n.	bridegroom, son-in-law
makʰa	n.	wound (healing)
mal	n.	place
malams	n.	laziness
mama	n.	breast (female)
mamo	n.	sheep (female)
mamoj	adj.	wild growing
man	n.	medicine
mane	n.	stone carved with mantras
maneduŋgjur	n.	payer mill (big)
manelakkʰor	n.	prayer mill (small)
mankʰaŋ	n.	hospital
manpʰot	n.	spices
mantɕi	n.	medical plants
maŋbala	n.	wild rose (red)
maŋbuj	adj.	dark red
maŋdu	n.	red sky at morning, afterglow
maŋi	adj.	red
maŋs	n.	dream
mapdʑa	n.	peacock
mar	n.	butter
maraj	adj.	bad
marap	adj.	bad
marbotsi	n.	index finger
marɕik	adj.	different
mardej	adj.	ugly
mardʑwa	n.	tsampa dish made from tsampa, butter and tea
marektsi	n.	tick-like insect
masa	n.	bed
mat	n.	lower valley
mataj	adj.	poor
matʰem	n.	threshold
me	n.	fire
meɕiŋ	n.	firewood
melaps	n.	flame
melok	n.	Pattan Valley
melokkat	n.	Pattani language
melokpa	n.	person from Pattan Valley
meluŋ	n.	hearth
meme	n.	monk
mentok	n.	flower
mentsi	n.	lump of dough
mert-	v. intr.	to become bright
metɕi	adv.	lower (in a seating arrangement), a little downwards
metɕuŋ	n.	mother's brother's wife
metsaksa	n.	vessel for hot ash
mewa	n.	mole, birthmark
mi-	v. mid.	to think about, to reflect
mijul	n.	earth
mik	n.	eye
mik-	v. tr.	to count
mik tsʰaps-	v. mid.	to wink (eyes)
mikbur	n.	painful infection of the eye
mikkʰa	n.	evil eye
mikpa	n.	horseshoe
mikpʰokj	n.	evil eye
mikra	n.	glasses
mikrutsʰam	n.	eyebrow
miks	n.	story
mikspu	n.	eyelash
mikti	n.	tear
miktsi	n.	(1) eye of a needle; (2) eye of a millstone
min	n.	name
mint-	v. intr.	to ripen
mintɕan	n.	famous
miŋgjaks	adv.	in two days
mir	n.	milk skin
mirkja	n.	lay-man
mitsʰe	n.	life
mjaj	adj.	low
mjaŋ-	v. tr.	to taste
mjo-	v. intr.	to plough
mjonba	n.	shaman, medium
mjoŋ	adv.	downstairs
mjosla	n.	6th month of the traditional calendar
mjuŋ	n.	brother
mo-	v. tr.	to roast
munɕi	n.	teacher (Indo-Aryan)
mok-	v. tr.	to cut hair (tr.)
mok-	v. mid.	to cut hair (refl.)
mokali	n.	turnip
mokara	n.	donkey (female)
mokɕa	n.	mushroom
moktsi	n.	boil
mokʈa	n.	bowl used to make momok
mokʰju	n.	bitch
molam	n.	prayer
momok	n.	dumplings
moms	n.	satisfaction
moms-	v. intr.	to become full, to become satiated (from drinking)
mot	n.	face
moʈor	n.	car, truck (English)
mu	n.	snow
mudarsa	n.	school
mudjwak	adv.	three days ago
mudwaŋ	adv.	three years ago
muk	n.	desire
mukpa	n.	fog
mukpoj	adj.	dark blue, brown
mul	n.	silver
muli	adj.	dark in color, greyish
mulmul	adj.	lukewarm (liquids)
mulna	adj.	lukewarm (liquids)
munɖak	n.	darkness
munɲa	n.	in dark night
munpʰet	n.	midnight
munt-	v. intr.	to get unconscious
muntsi	n.	field (small)
mur murs-	v. mid.	to grumble
murt-	v. intr.	to snore
musulɖu	n.	big pestle (used to separate grain and husk)
mutik	n.	flea
mutik	n.	pearl
mutsʰa	n.	moustache
tsak-	v. tr.	to put inside
tsakatsoke	adj.	in small pieces
tsalatsele	adj.	fuzzy
tsani	adj.	(1) pointed; (2) burning hot
tsanisla	n.	3rd month of the traditional calendar
tsap-	v. tr.	to cut into pieces, to work on wood (of a carpenter)
tsaps	n.	yeast
tsaptsap	adv.	sometimes
tsar-	v. tr.	to lay down, to lay out
tsarkʰa	n.	spinning wheel
tseɕu	n.	religious festival, “Devil Dance”
tseltsel	adj.	round
tsemet	n.	girl
tsikŋan	n.	swearing
tsimʈa	n.	tongs
tsir-	v. tr.	to squeeze out
tsirtsir	n.	drizzle
tsitsi	n.	child
tsok-	v. tr.	to pick, to carve
tsokbotsi	n.	index finger
tsokna	adj.	cross-legged
tsokse	adj.	alike, similar (for animates)
tsokskjoj	n.	span from the thumb to the index finger (traditional length measure)
tsoms	n.	courtyard
tsoŋ	n.	onion
tsoŋna	adj.	upright
tsoŋtsoŋ	adj.	upright
tsopna	adj.	slight
tsuk-	v. tr.	to begin, to plant, to educate
tsuk-	v. tr.	to dress (with trouses) (tr.)
tsuk-	v. mid.	to dress (with trouses) (refl.)
tsukna	adv.	straight, directly
tsukskisla	n.	1st month of the traditional calendar
tsukʈʰuk	n.	sitting carpet (thin)
tsum-	v. tr.	(1) to seize, to hold, to catch; (2) to chase
tsums	n.	handle
tsuna	quant.	few, little (solid objects)
tswar-	v. tr.	to strew, to scatter
tsʰa	n.	salt
tsʰak	n.	sieve
tsʰak-	v. tr.	to filter
tsʰakj	adj.	useless
tsʰaks	n.	trouble
tsʰaks el-	v. intr.	to be disarticulated, to be dislocated
tsʰal-	v. tr.	to split, to saw
tsʰale	n.	glaze
tsʰam	n.	(1) fur of goats and sheep; (2) wool
tsʰamik	n.	chilly
tsʰamo	n.	sister-in-law
tsʰams	n.	retreat
tsʰan	n.	resin
tsʰaŋ-	v. tr.	to throw away, to drop
tsʰaŋ	n.	nest, burrow, den, cobweb
tsʰaŋi	adj.	all
tsʰaps	n.	aim, goal
tsʰaps	n.	substitute
tsʰas	n.	garden
tsʰaskaŋ	n.	flower bed
tsʰat	n.	fever
tsʰat	n.	limit
tsʰatpa	n.	heat
tsʰattsʰattok	adv.	from time to time
tsʰaw	n.	brother-in-law, nephew
tsʰe	n.	life
tsʰek	adj.	filthy, dirty
tsʰengjaks	adv.	in five days
tsʰepa	n.	calendar's day
tsʰer	n.	sadness
tsʰer-	v. intr.	to be sad
tsʰeril	n.	tsampa pills
tsʰikpa	n.	anger
tsʰikspa	n.	joint
tsʰims-	v. intr.	to become full, to become satiated (from eating)
tsʰir	n.	turn
tsʰo	n.	lake, sea
tsʰok	n.	accumulation (of merit)
tsʰoks	n.	ritual performed by a whole village
tsʰoks	n.	consecrated food
tsʰol-	v. tr.	to search, to look for
tsʰoma	n.	vegetables
tsʰon	n.	color
tsʰor-	v. tr.	to feel
tsʰos	n.	fat (solid)
tsʰu	n.	handle
tsʰuks-	v. intr.	to settle down
tsʰuks-	v. mid.	to settle down
tsʰwa-	v. tr.	to share, to distribute
tsʰwak	n.	thorn
tsʰwakbur	n.	thornbush
tsʰwaktumtsi	n.	seabuckthorn
tsʰwar-	v. tr.	to scatter
dza-	v. intr.	to eat
dzakdzak	n.	backache
dzaktsi	n.	coiling
dzakʰaŋ	n.	storeroom for food
dzambuliŋ	n.	universe
dzamenliksa	n.	kitchen
dzampa	n.	bridge
dzanare	quant.	very many, very much
dzaŋdzaŋ	n.	insincere refusal
dzaŋi	adj.	(1) sharp; (2) holy
dzaŋpo	adj.	clear, good
dzaŋs-	v. intr.	to get dark
dzaŋsma	n.	copper
dzaŋstar	n.	tripod (made of iron)
dzaradzore	n.	stumps (of cut off branches), tree trunk
dzat	n.	barley
dzat-	v. tr.	hon. to do, to make
dzaw	n.	friend
dzeba	n.	small cracks in wall
dzejba	n.	temple
dzep	n.	stallion
dzer	n.	nail
dzer-	v. tr.	to stick into
dzermo	n.	claw
dzik	n.	leopard
dzilpa	n.	dew
dziŋ	n.	pool, pond
dziŋ-	v. tr.	to scold
dziŋs-	v. intr.	to quarrel
dziŋs-	v. mid.	to quarrel
dziŋdziŋ	n.	dizziness
dziŋdziŋ	n.	massive snowfall
dziŋgil	n.	noise, disturbance
dziŋmo	n.	quarrel, fight
dziŋs	n.	quarreling person
dzo	n.	crossbreed between yak and cow (male, 1st generation)
dzokdzok	adj.	thick (of liquids), juicy
dzokna	adj.	statue-like, without moving
dzom-	v. intr.	to assemble
dzomo	n.	crossbreed between yak and cow (female, 1st generation)
dzomraŋs	n.	meeting, festival
dzoŋdzoŋ	adj.	long (of manufactured things)
dzoŋs	n.	gift of money for newly married couples
dzopo	n.	bull (castrated)
dzorabare	adj.	meaningless, without any reason
dzordzor	adj.	standing out (of nails, branches, etc.)
dzordzor	n.	bulge
dzorna	adj.	standing out (of nails, branches, etc.)
dzot	n.	store-room
dzot-	v. intr.	to resist
dzuk	n.	pain, sickness
dzuk-	v. tr.	to begin
dzuks	n.	body
dzult-	v. intr.	to bark
dzumdzum	n.	uneasy feeling
dzuŋi	n.	pair
dzural	n.	vent on the sides of a dukpo (traditional dress)
dzuʈʰu	n.	plait
dzwa	n.	bucket
ja-	v. tr.	to serve (drinks and liquid food)
ja	n.	bad food
jaː	adv.	yesterday
jak	n.	yak
jaks-	v. intr.	to make fun of, to talk badly
jamtsʰan	adj.	strange, different
jantʰondok	adv.	surrounding
jaŋ-	v.	to serve (solid food)
jaŋ-	v.	to draw (sword), to strike out
jaŋi	adj.	light (in weight)
jaŋla pʰok-	v. intr.	to get a sunburn
jaŋpʰet	num.	quarter
jaŋsken	n.	dinner
jaŋstok	adv.	last night
jaŋtete	n.	great-grandfather
jaŋʈʰek	n.	roof top
jap-	v. tr.	to split (with a saw)
jarap	adj.	noble, well-behaved
jartok	adv.	above
jartsʰes	n.	waxing phase of moon
jas	adv.	right(side)
jato	n.	friend, help
jatʰem	n.	upper doorframe
jen-	cop.	equative copula
jo-	v. tr.	hon. to cook
joj	adj.	askew
jok-	v. tr.	to buy
jok-	v. tr.	to keep
jokmo	n.	servant, slave (female)
jokpo	n.	servant, slave (male)
joldʑi	n.	early afternoon
jolt-	v. intr.	to fade
jomjom	adv.	back and forth
jon	adv.	left(side)
jondak	n.	head of a household (male)
jondakmo	n.	head of the household (female)
jorok	adv.	upstairs
jos-	v. intr.	to become drunk
jos	n.	drunkenness
jot-	v. intr.	to get lost
jot-	v. tr.	to lose
jotɕi	adv.	higher (in a seating arrangement), a little bit upwards
ju-	v. tr.	to grind
juɕi	n.	tsampa (roasted flour)
juj	adj.	old (of things)
juk-	v. tr.	to throw away, to throw down, to roll (stones)
jukna	adv.	right now, immediately
jul	n.	country, village
juparan	n.	turquoise stone
jur	n.	water channel
juspa	n.	whistling
justa	adv.	for a short while
jwaŋ-	v. intr.	to grow up
ra-	v. intr.	to come
rabarobe	adj.	rough
raɕa	n.	goat meat
raɕi	n.	rope (thick)
ragan	n.	brass
ral	n.	roasted barley flower used to thicken soups
ral-	v. tr.	to dissolve (of liquids) (tr.)
ralak	adv.	on the left side of a valley (when looking downstream)
ralɖi	n.	sword
ramne	n.	consecration
ran	n.	hard snow on which one can walk
ra:na	adj.	often coming
rant-	v. intr.	to weave
raŋga soso	pron.	each their own
raŋtsi	n.	sleeve
ras	n.	cloth (made of cotton), towel
ratɕi	adv.	other side
raʈabul	n.	mill wheel of a water-mill
rawa	n.	hoof
re	n.	umbilical cord
reks-	v. intr.	to shiver
rektsi	n.	kernel
reks	n.	shivering, trembling
rekʰolak	n.	earwax
remo	n.	line
repak	n.	Triloknath
rere	pron.	each
retsi	n.	ear
rewa	n.	hope
ri	n.	(1) avalanche; (2) glacier
riboŋ	n.	rabbit
ridaks	n.	game, wild animals
rik-	v. tr.	to fetch, to bring
rik	n.	field
rikdaŋlenipa	n.	farmer
rintɕenbu	n.	spider
riŋ-	v. intr.	to tell, to say
ritsʰaŋ	n.	crevasse
ro	n.	corpse, dead body
ro-	v. tr.	(1) to roast; (2) to cremate
rol	n.	furrow
rolaŋs	n.	zombie
rolmo	n.	cymbals
roŋga	n.	bean
roŋkʰaŋ	n.	cremation ground
roŋkʰaŋme	n.	funeral pyre
ropdakpa	n.	carrier of the dead body during a funeral
ropotsi	n.	musk deer
roptɕan	adj.	arrogant
roras	n.	shroud
rotɕo	n.	horn
rotɕok	n.	hayloft
rotsi	n.	plank
ruk-	v. tr.	to chew
ruks	n.	cud
ruks nilt-	v. mid.	to chew the cud
rult-	v. intr.	to rot
rup-	v. mid.	to crowd, to come together
rus	n.	lineage, clan
rus-	v.	to be destroyed by a flood
ruspa	n.	bone
rut	n.	flood
rwak-	v. intr.	to graze (intr. / tr.)
rwak-	v. mid.	to graze (intr.)
rwaksa	n.	grazing ground
rwaktsi	n.	shepherd
rwal-	v. mid.	to doze off
rwaŋ	n.	mountain pasture
la	n.	goat (female)
la	n.	reed
la	n.	moon
la	n.	mountain pass
la	n.	speed of walking
ladaks	n.	Ladakh
laja	n.	month
lajoks	n.	sin
lak	n.	hand
lak-	v. tr.	to lick
lakɕa	n.	leg of animals
lakɕup	n.	glove
lakgjap	n.	back of the hand
lakj	adj.	thin (of long things)
lakma	n.	leftovers (eatable)
laks-	v. intr.	to be lost
laks-	v. intr.	to grow well, to thrive
lakskor	n.	millstone
laktʰil	n.	palm (of hand)
lala	n.	song
lala tʰir-	v. tr.	to sing
lalatsi	n.	goat (young)
lam-	v. tr.	to rinse
lam-	v. mid.	to like, to enjoy
lam-	v. tr.	to fry
lama	n.	Lama, monk
lama	n.	sheep (female)
lan	n.	air, wind
lan	n.	answer
lan da-	v. tr.	to answer
laŋ-	v. tr.	to sell
laŋ	n.	fire wood (medium sized pieces)
laŋ	n.	manure, dung
laŋ-	v. tr.	to raise (of fermenting agent)
laŋs-	v. intr.	to rise (of leaved dough), to become alive (of zombies)
laŋs-	v. mid.	to rise (leaved dough)
laŋɕa	n.	beef
laŋɕi	n.	sourdough for lwar after resting
laŋgjak	n.	branch
laŋkesla	n.	5th month of the traditional calendar
laŋpotɕʰe	n.	elephant
laŋspa	n.	vapor
laŋtsi	n.	bull
laŋʈo	n.	bull
lap	n.	leaf
lap	n.	lightning
lapdʑa	n.	advice
lapsi	n.	handkerchief
lapʰjar	n.	avalanche falling over a precipice
lardʑe	n.	doctor
lare	n.	centipede
larlar	adj.	slippery
las	n.	price
lasap	n.	ring (for finger)
lasmi	n.	woman
lati	n.	saliva
latmo	n.	imitation, fake
latsi	n.	mountain peak
latʰot	n.	crown
lawa	n.	sheep shed, goat shed
le	n.	tongue
lebala	n.	wild rose (yellow)
lej	adj.	yellow
lek-	v. tr.	to change, to transfer
leks	n.	village, valley
lekspa	n.	villager
lekwartum	n.	egg yolk
len	n.	work
lenipa	n.	worker
lenmi	n.	worker
lent-	v. intr.	to work
lep-	v. tr.	to reach, to arrive
leptɕaŋdok	adv.	upside down
let-	v. tr.	to teach
letsok	adj.	envious
li	n.	bronze
liː	adj.	heavy
liɕi	n.	cardamom seeds
lik-	v. tr.	to do, to make
limbuʈa	n.	pine tree (Himalayan pine)
linɖa	adj.	naughty, faulty
liŋs	n.	hunt
liŋʈʰan	n.	island
lis-	v. intr.	to freeze
lis	n.	(1) ice; (2) egg white
lo	n.	calendar year
lo	n.	mattress
lo	n.	south
lodʑuŋ	adv.	every year
loj	adj.	easy
lok-	v. tr.	to read, to study
lok	n.	lightning
lok-	v. mid.	to climb up
lokj	adj.	sick, weak, incapable
lokos	n.	curse
lomna	adj.	soft (solid)
loŋ-	v. mid.	to vomit
loŋ	n.	free time
lops-	v. intr.	to become accustomed
lorki	n.	brass pot
lot-	v. tr.	to say
lotok	n.	crops
lukɕa	n.	mutton
lukna	adj.	moist
luks	n.	custom
lumpa	n.	side valley
luŋ	n.	autumn
luŋ	n.	depression
luŋ	n.	breath
luŋtabar	n.	prayer flag
luŋtɕi	n.	last grass in autumn
lus-	v. intr.	to fall behind, to be left over
lus-	v. mid.	to be stuck
lutsi	n.	calf
lwar	n.	omelet made from sourdough
lwat-	v. tr.	to forget
lwats-	v. intr.	to be forgotten
lwats-	v. mid.	to be forgotten
ɕa	n.	meat
ɕabu	n.	maggot
ɕadʑa	n.	water pipe
ɕaj	n.	mustard
ɕak-	v. tr.	hon. to immerse
ɕakbuʈa	n.	birch
ɕal-	v. intr.	to suffer from diarrhea
ɕal	n.	diarrhea
ɕama	n.	afterbirth
ɕanɖum	n.	muscle ache
ɕanpa	n.	butcher
ɕaŋ	adj.	eagerly
ɕaŋ tsak-	v. mid.	to watch eagerly
ɕaŋdzi	n.	old woman
ɕaŋdzi	adj.	old (of women)
ɕaŋi	adj.	old (of animals)
ɕaŋku	n.	wolf
ɕaŋmo	adj.	clever (of women)
ɕaŋpo	adj.	clever (of men)
ɕaŋs	n.	old age
ɕaŋs-	v. intr.	to grow old
ɕaŋs-	v. mid.	to grow old
ɕaŋtɕan	adj.	noticing
ɕaŋʈe	n.	old man
ɕaŋʈe	adj.	old (of men)
ɕaportsi	n.	hangnail
ɕar	n.	east
ɕarba	n.	young man
ɕarba	adj.	young (of men)
ɕarna	n.	cattle shed
ɕarul	n.	scar
ɕas	n.	tenure
ɕat-	v. tr.	to narrate
ɕat-	v. tr.	to clean water channels
ɕatgju	n.	story
ɕatpa	n.	explanation
ɕawa	n.	deer
ɕel	n.	summer
ɕelgo	n.	glass
ɕelkar	n.	crystallized sugar, miśrī
ɕelsa	n.	room used in summertime
ɕema	n.	queen
ɕemtɕuŋ	n.	princess
ɕen-	v. tr.	to raise
ɕens-	v. mid.	to rise, to get up
ɕet	n.	power, strength
ɕet-	v. intr.	to flee, to steal away silently
ɕettɕan	adj.	strong
ɕiː	adj.	white
ɕik-	v. tr.	to tear down (walls)
ɕika	n.	net
ɕilti	n.	rain
ɕinɖat	n.	hard work
ɕiŋ	n.	timber
ɕiŋkan	n.	carpenter
ɕipi	n.	Chanal (ethno-linguistic community of Indo-Aryan origin)
ɕirkaʈak	n.	coarse-grained sand
ɕiskarapa	n.	idol prayed to in wintertime
ɕit-	v. mid.	to die
ɕoɕa	n.	heart
ɕok-	v. tr.	to dress (with underwear) (tr.)
ɕok-	v. mid.	to dress (with underwear) (refl.)
ɕokɕum	n.	shirt
ɕokpa	n.	wing, feather
ɕor-	v. tr.	to miss, to drop
ɕot	n.	lunch
ɕotɕes	n.	acidity, eructation
ɕotni	n.	late afternoon
ɕu	n.	blood
ɕu-	v. tr.	to skin
ɕubu puk-	v. mid.	to become chapped (of skin)
ɕugu	n.	paper
ɕuk-	v. tr.	to comb (tr.)
ɕuk-	v. mid.	to comb (refl.)
ɕukɕu	n.	demon statue
ɕukɕuk	adj.	difficult to tame (of young horses)
ɕukna	adj.	(1) thin (of long things); (2) in a hurry
ɕukpuk	n.	dirt under your skin
ɕuktsi	n.	comb
ɕukur	n.	apricot (dried without kernel)
ɕukutsi	n.	willow twigs for fire
ɕul	n.	dregs
ɕul-	v. tr.	to rinse
ɕulgjut	n.	flour
ɕum	n.	secret visit of a boy to a girl's room at night
ɕun	n.	nail (finger)
ɕundut	n.	knot
ɕuŋiɕuŋi	n.	sniffle
ɕup-	v. tr.	to push together, to telescope
ɕups	n.	(1) cover; (2) sheath
ɕurbuʈa	n.	cedar
ɕuri	adj.	sour
ɕurtum	n.	slingshot
ɕurum	n.	tweed (made of wool)
ɕwakna	adj.	good (in taste)
ɕwant-	v. intr.	to rest
ʂak	n.	shame, shyness
ʂaŋs	n.	horse
ʂaŋspa	n.	horseman
ʂap-	v. tr.	to ford
ʂet-	v. intr.	to laugh
ʂets	n.	laughter
ʂi-	v. tr.	to roll up (a ball of threads)
ʂik	n.	louse
ʂim	n.	arrow
ʂimtsaŋ	n.	the distance of an arrow shot (traditional length measure)
ʂin	n.	epilepsy
ʂinbu	n.	tapeworm
ʂiŋ	n.	sister
ʂip	n.	rib
ʂok-	v. tr.	to send (letters, etc.)
ʂol	n.	narrow passage, corridor
ʂot-	v. intr.	to set (sun)
ʂot	n.	sunset
ʂu-	v. tr.	to ask
ʂu kʰet-	v. tr.	to churn
ʂul-	v. tr.	to drive
ʂunt-	v. intr.	to guard
ʂunt-	v. mid.	to wait
ʂuŋ-	v. tr.	to observe
ʂutsi	n.	nit
ʂwantsi	n.	pigeon
sa	n.	earth, ground
sa	n.	pulse
sagun	n.	seed
sak	n.	(1) breath; (2) vapor
sak-	v. tr.	to store, to put aside
sak tʰin-	v. tr.	to breathe
sakjat	n.	land
saksak	n.	grasshopper
sal-	v. tr.	to make space, to clear away
salbaŋ	adj.	bare-foot
samen	n.	stock, things stored
sampa	n.	crops
san-	v. tr.	to repair, to fix
saŋɕur	n.	incense made of pine trees
saŋgul	n.	earthquake
saŋi	adj.	pure (in a religious sense)
saŋma	n.	hon. food
saŋna	adj.	well (physical condition)
saŋsasaŋ	n.	centipede
sapsap	adj.	burning (of eyes)
sar	n.	wick (made of cotton)
sarka	n.	road
sasa	adj.	different
sat	n.	indigenous deities of Lahaul
se-	v. tr.	to recognize
sej	adj.	dirty
sekor	n.	dirty dishes
sem	n.	heart, mind
sem	n.	barrel
sembura	n.	pomegranate
ser	n.	gold
ser	n.	time(s)
serna	adj.	avaricious
set-	v. intr.	to ride
sew	n.	apple (Indo-Aryan)
si	n.	butter fat (liquid)
siɲal	n.	big cymbals
siŋge	n.	lion (Indo-Aryan)
sipi	n.	pipe, flute
sirikna	adj.	all, everything
siruk	n.	interest, care
siske	n.	bundle of thin sticks used to stir soup
so-	v. tr.	to cool down (tr.), to turn off
sos-	v. intr.	to cool down (intr.)
soj	adj.	cold
sok-	v. tr.	to fit in, to push in
sol	n.	onyx
sol	n.	grain of crops
soldʑa	n.	hon. tea
solpon	n.	cook
soltak	n.	table
sonam	n.	merit
sonna	adv.	slightly
sonpo	adj.	alive
sonsna	adj.	idle
sont-	v. intr.	to be alive, to survive
sops-	v. intr.	to heal (intr.)
sops-	v. mid.	to heal
sotekdʑi	adj.	careful
soti	n.	water
su	pron.	who?
su-	v. tr.	to wash (tr.), to give a shower
su-	v. mid.	to wash (refl.), to take a shower
su-	v. tr.	hon. to welcome
suk-	v. tr.	to move
sul	n.	plait, fold, wrinkle
sum	num.	three (Tibetan)
sumi	num.	three
sums	n.	boredom
suŋ	n.	hon. teaching
suŋ-	v. tr.	hon. to say, to teach
sur	n.	weed
suri	n.	larva living inside the nasal cavity of cattle
surmo	n.	pick-axe (small)
sursla	n.	8th month of the traditional calendar
surt-	v. intr.	to weed
swa	n.	tooth
swal	n.	coal
ha	n.	sweets
haː go-	v. tr.	to understand
haː las-	v. intr.	to be astonished
habar	n.	common land of a village
halam	adv.	some, quite
haldi	n.	saffron
halɖa	n.	traditional festival held on new year
hambu	n.	cow
han	pron.	2SG
hanɖaŋ	adj.	deaf-mute
hanɖu	n.	pot for boiling liquids
haʈi	n.	shop, market, bazaar (Indo-Aryan)
hek	n.	vulture
hel-	v. tr.	to take away, to bring away
helata	adv.	for the time being
hen-	v. tr.	to hear, to listen, to obey
henak	v. dem.	like this, in this manner
hikuk	n.	hiccup
hiŋ	pron.	1PL.EXCL
hit	n.	memory
hoɕmej	quant.	very much, very many, extremely
hoptɕen	n.	stirrup
hot	n.	light
honak	v. dem.	like that, in that manner
hukna	adj.	very tasty
hun	n.	news, information
hura	n.	ram
abi	n.	grandmother
adʑaŋ	n.	uncle (mother's brother, father-in-law, wife's/husband's brother (only appropriate if elder than wife/husband))
ajna	quant.	much, a lot
ak	n.	mouth
aka	n.	excrements
akapʰuktsi	n.	ass hole
aks	n.	edge, blade
aks tak-	v. tr.	to call
aku	n.	uncle (father's sister's husband)
al-	v. tr.	to open (tr.)
als-	v. tr.	to open (intr.)
alkjotsi	n.	chin
aloŋ	n.	earring
altsʰam	n.	beard (chin)
am-	v. intr.	hon. to come
ama	n.	mother
ama kjuktsi	n.	aunt (mother's youngest sister)
amaawa	n.	parents
amdʑambaʈi	n.	kind of pot
ampʰet	n.	middle of a road
amt-	v. mid.	to walk
amtsi	n.	road, way, path
ane	n.	aunt (father's sister, mother-in-law, wife's/husband's sister)
aŋ-	v. tr.	to filter butter
aŋmik	n.	snow blindness
aŋtɕan	adj.	bossy, arrogant
apa	n.	grandmother
apskor	n.	beard (full)
apu	n.	sister (second oldest)
arak	n.	alcohol
arɕi	n.	glass, mirror
artsi	n.	kind of grass used to make traditional shoes
aru	n.	(1) potato; (2) testicles
atɕʰe	n.	sister (oldest)
atɕʰenomo	n.	sisters
atɕʰo	n.	brother (oldest)
atɕʰobet	n.	brothers
atuk	n.	newborn (male)
aw	n.	kiss
awa	n.	father
awa kjuktsi	n.	uncle (father's youngest brother)
i	n.	lynx
ika	pron.	when?
indzi	pron.	herself, himself, oneself
ini	pron.	hon. you
ini	pron.	yourself
iŋgi	pron.	myself
ips	n.	shape
ipsa	n.	room for sleeping
ipt-	v. mid.	to sleep
ipts	n.	sleep
is	n.	big, flat pan used to fry barley
itbiŋ	pron.	how many years?
itɕik	pron.	how many?
itgjak	pron.	how many days?
uks	n.	soul, breath
ukstuks	n.	heavy breathing
umdzat	n.	performer of funeral rites
utɕʰuŋ	n.	performer of funeral rites (substitute for umdzat)
eana	adj.	often going
el-	v. intr.	to go
epo	adj.	good
eraŋ	pron.	1PL.INCL
etek	n.	kind of bird
obar	n.	hole in the floor / in the ceiling to go up and down
ok	n.	boulder
orɕek	adv.	in one year
orok	n.	Adam's apple
oroŋ	n.	snack (eaten with alcohol)
otɕʰak	n.	early morning
otɕi	adv.	tomorrow
otok	adv.	in the future
waj	adj.	far (away)
wajak	adv.	on the next day
wal	n.	shovel (wooden)
wampu	n.	bear
wan-	v. tr.	to take out, to unload, to bring out
waŋs-	v. intr.	to come out, to drip out, to leak
waŋ	n.	blessing
war	n.	belching
war-	v. tr.	to fence in
wars	n.	fence
warna	n.	animal sacrifice
warpa	n.	hearth
wart-	v. intr.	to belch
waru	n.	pot to boil liquids
watɕu	n.	drainage on the roof
watsi	n.	ball (of threads)

References

• Widmer, Manuel. 2014. A descriptive grammar of Bunan. Doctoral dissertation, Universität Bern.