Appendix:Proto-Luish reconstructions
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Proto-Luish has been reconstructed by Huziwara (2012). Like Proto-Austroasiatic and Jingpho, Proto-Luish has a sesquisyllabic syllable structure.
List[edit]
| Gloss | Proto-Luish |
|---|---|
| level | *pá |
| four | *prí |
| put | *péy |
| emerge | *pru |
| vagina | *pak |
| mosquito | *p-cík |
| horse | *sᴴ-pu-k |
| hatch | *puk |
| belly | *pɨ́k? < *pyúk? |
| palm | *tak-prár |
| bloom | *pár |
| flower | *pár |
| fly (v) | *pír |
| smooth | *pri-t |
| calf | *t-pók |
| left (hand) | *tᴴ-pay < *tᴴ-pway? |
| ashes | *k-but |
| ringworm | *kᴴ-bun |
| cheek | *n/l-baŋ |
| thin | *pha |
| shoulder (v) | *phé |
| jump | *phró-k |
| lizard | *k-phóy |
| full | *phríŋ |
| wear | *phun |
| tree/firewood | *phón < *phól |
| open (umbrella) | *phúw |
| snake | *k-phúw |
| kick | *phiy? |
| tree | *phón < *phól |
| door | *kᴴ-phaŋ |
| fish | *tᴴ-ŋa |
| turtle | *tᴴ-lip |
| bee | *tᴴ-Cún |
| stone | *tᴴ-luŋ |
| red ant | *tᴴ-hra < *tᴴ-khra |
| foot/leg | *ta |
| ankle | *ta-mík |
| elder sister | *a-té |
| leaf | *tap |
| listen | *tát/tít? |
| weave | *tak |
| lick | *á-tak |
| finger | *tak-sir? |
| nail | *tak-miŋ < *tak-min? |
| pot | *tik |
| knife | *k-taŋ |
| lips/mouth | *s-tún |
| insect | *kᴴ-tuŋ |
| grandchild | *s-túŋ |
| short | *ton |
| smell (vt) | *tɨ́m? < *tyúm? |
| sit | *túŋ ~ *thúŋ |
| hand | *t-hów < *t-khów < *tak-khów |
| language | *tu |
| knee | *t-húw < *t-khúw |
| nine | *t-húw < *t-khúw |
| thigh | *t-kíy? |
| right (hand) | *tᴴ-ha < *tᴴ-kha |
| bow | *tᴴ-li(t/k)? |
| strike/hit | *tán |
| big/great | *túŋ? |
| search/seek | *tam |
| pull | *tún |
| man | *Cᴴ-tik-(sa) |
| sweet | *ti |
| egg | *ti |
| penis | *tí |
| moon | *s-dá < *s-lá |
| neck | *kᴴ-duk |
| porcupine | *p/kᴴ-duw-k |
| cooked rice | *dá < *tá? |
| thick | *rᴴ-thay |
| dig | *thu |
| grind | *thuw |
| arrive | *thuk |
| spit (v) | *thók |
| village | *thiŋ |
| black | *thɨ́m? < *thyúm? |
| mortar | *thum |
| near | *tham |
| sun | *c-mík |
| burn/roast | *cu |
| chilly | *Cᴴ-cap |
| suck | *cúp |
| plant (v) | *cuk |
| milk | *cuk-si |
| long/tall | *cók |
| sister | *cán < *cál? |
| ask for | *ciŋ |
| -causative | *-cíŋ |
| far | *car |
| Cak/Sak | *cak |
| dub/strike | *cuw |
| hard/solid | *Cᴴ-cak |
| light (weight) | *ca < *r-ya |
| stand | *cap < *ryap |
| eight | *cat < *ryat |
| fear | *Cᴴ-cak < *gᴴ-rak? |
| salt | *cɨm? < *ryum? |
| deer | *kᴴ-juk |
| ten | *jí, *sí |
| bird | *u-jík-sa < *u-cík-sa? |
| cat | *hán-ji-k < *hál-ji-k? < *hál-ci-k? |
| mushroom | *k-mú |
| ear | *k-ná |
| tiger | *kᴴ-sa |
| back | *k-sáŋ |
| frog | *kᴴ-suk |
| root | *k-rat |
| monkey | *k-wóy |
| rat | *kᴴ-yuw-k |
| earth | *ka |
| hot | *ká |
| bridge | *t/r-ká? |
| dry | *r-ków |
| steal | *kuw-k |
| bathe | *krúw |
| wing | *Cɛ́n-kV́ ? |
| run/flee | *kat |
| want to do | *kak |
| warm oneself | *kup |
| wear bracelet | *kók |
| bite | *kán |
| pick up | *kun |
| old | *kaŋ |
| lame | *koŋ |
| long | *kréy |
| bamboo | *kro |
| six | *kruk |
| star | *s-kán-si < *s-kár-si? |
| firewood | *k-rók |
| bone | *ma(ŋ/k)-kV-k |
| beautiful | *Cᴴ-kam |
| two | *kíŋ |
| tail | *mV(ŋ/k)-kV́ |
| shoot | *káp |
| dog | *kuy |
| elephant | *kúy |
| buffalo | *k-réy |
| mango | *krék-si |
| house | *kím |
| blind | *kre |
| -plural (+v) | *-kí ~ *-hí < *-khí |
| =nominalizer | *=k/gá |
| =future | *=k/gú |
| barking deer | *khí |
| shit/feces | *khyi-k |
| sell | *Cᴴ-khe |
| wash (clothes) | *khri |
| sour | *hrí < khrí |
| red | *khyá |
| climb/get on | *khye |
| shout | *khyák |
| tongue | *s-lí-k |
| nose | *sᴴ-na |
| tooth | *s-wá |
| daughter | *s-ik |
| son | *sa |
| fat | *sáw |
| blood | *se |
| husked rice | *sat |
| scatter | *sát/sít? |
| take a rest | *sak |
| breath | *sak |
| get down/descend | *sat |
| louse | *sik |
| cough | *suk |
| shrimp | *r-i-sɨ́k? < *r-i-syúk? |
| tear (v) | *sék |
| meat | *san |
| enter | *saŋ |
| onion | *sún |
| garlic | *sún- |
| sew | *sún |
| iron | *sen < *sel? |
| finish/end | *sum |
| three | *súm |
| wash | *sen? < *sel? |
| live | *séŋ? < *syáŋ? |
| rob | *sᴴ-nan |
| -diminutive | *-sa |
| search for | *sóp |
| feel sleepy | *ip-sɨm? < *ip-syum? |
| seven | *s-ni-ŋ |
| eat | *sa |
| tobacco | *sík |
| bear | *kᴴ-sap |
| green | *Cᴴ-seŋ? < *Cᴴ-syaŋ? |
| fruit | *si |
| younger brother | *nV́si |
| die | *sí |
| medicine | *si-k |
| comb | *Cᴴ-si-k |
| cold | *sim |
| liver | *Cᴴ-sen |
| heart | *Cᴴ-sen |
| ghost | *h-mán |
| walk/bring | *ha |
| raise/bring up | *hroy |
| cloud | *hráŋ |
| rain | *hráŋ wé |
| small chair | *hon |
| bitter | *ha < *kha |
| chin | *Cᴴ-ha < *Cᴴ-kha |
| crow | *u-há < *u-khá |
| branch/twig | *Cᴴ-ha-k < *Cᴴ-kha-k |
| burn | *hru < *khru |
| borrow | *hoy < *khoy |
| cry/weep | *hrap < *khrap |
| astringent | *hup < *khup |
| crab | *a/n-har < *a/n-khar |
| coffin | *hóŋ < *khóŋ |
| head | *hów < *khów |
| twenty | *hól < *khól? |
| CL:man | *hów < *khów |
| hair (head) | *hów < *khów |
| boat | *hó |
| husk of rice | *hók < *khók? |
| scratch | *hré-t < *khré-t |
| sharp | *h-ráŋ |
| potato | *h-ráŋ-hú? |
| buy | *m-rí |
| capsicum | *m-ruk? |
| good | *méy |
| water leech | *Cᴴ-mo |
| forget | *mat |
| extinguish | *mit |
| eye | *mík |
| cattle | *s-muk |
| thunder/sky | *Cᴴ-muk |
| under/below | *múk? |
| allot | *man |
| face | *mán < *mál? |
| dream (n) | *ip-maŋ |
| ripe | *míŋ < *mín? |
| bark/sound | *m-ríŋ |
| wind (n) | *mun |
| hair (body) | *mun |
| play a flute | *mut |
| mother | *a-me |
| laugh | *níy-k? |
| night | *nak |
| daughter-in-law | *nám |
| smell (v) | *nám |
| thou | *naŋ |
| you (pl) | *niŋ |
| year | *niŋ |
| heavy | *Cᴴ-ni(ŋ/k) |
| next/coming | *nap |
| bury | *Cᴴ-nup |
| push | *Cᴴ-no < *Cᴴ-nor? |
| new | *n-yár? |
| I | *ŋa |
| be/exist | *ŋa |
| say | *ŋáw |
| bend down | *Cᴴ-ŋuk |
| five | *ŋá |
| drive/chase | *rᴴ-ŋak |
| take | *la |
| cock | *u-la |
| =question | *=lé |
| get | *lu |
| skin | *lák |
| road | *lám |
| warm | *lím? < *lyúm? |
| many | *lóŋ |
| come | *li |
| creeper | *lu-k |
| white | *lV́ŋ |
| cord | *ri |
| shave | *rat/rit? |
| wake up | *réy-k? |
| father | *a-wá? |
| husband | *h-lówa |
| water | *wé |
| pig | *wak |
| wide | *wák |
| fire | *wan < *wal |
| smoke | *wan- < *wal- |
| cut | *wán |
| watch | *yu |
| fan (v) | *yap |
| fan (n) | *Cᴴ-yap |
| CL:day | *yak |
| cross (river) | *Cap |
| catch | *Cim |
| horn | *Cúŋ |
| =plural (+n) | *Cak |
| rot | *Cú |
| eggplant | *Cok |
| muddy/cloudy | *Cón |
| bubble | *Cót |
| broad | *Cák |
| put upon | *ɗaŋ? |
| cockroach | *s-Cíp? |
| wrap | *Cip |
References[edit]
- Huziwara, Keisuke 藤原, 敬介. 2012. Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete ルイ祖語の再構にむけて [Toward a reconstruction of Proto-Luish]. In Kyoto University Linguistic Research 京都大学言語学研究 (2012), 31: 25-131.