aš
Lithuanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Lithuanian eš, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, *eś; compare Latvian es, Old Prussian es/as, Sudovian es, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European Lua error in Module:links at line 223: The specified language Proto-Indo-European is unattested, while the given term does not begin with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed.. Compare Sanskrit अहम् (aham), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Old Armenian ես (es), Latin egō. The final *-ś in Baltic is perhaps a result of sandhi or final obstruent devoicing.
Notable parallels of the vowel change observed in Lithuanian eš > aš include:
- Old Lithuanian ešva, cf. modern ašvà (“mare”), Old Prussian aswinan (“mare's milk”)
- Lithuanian ẽglė, cf. dialectal aglė, Old Prussian addle (“fir tree”).
These forms were perhaps carried on from dialects where *e- regularly gives a-.[1]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
àš
- (first-person singular) I
Declension
- The genitive in -ęs is from an accusative stem *manen + the genitive ending -s.[2]
- The dative form is from an earlier mãni, with compensatory acute accuentation (compare Latvian man).
- The accusative continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *mene; compare (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latvian acc. sg. mani, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Prussian acc. sg. mien, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Slavic gen. sg. *mene.[3]
Derived terms
See mano;
See also
singular (vienaskaita) | dual (dviskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | reflexive (sangrąžiniai) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||||||||
nominative (vardininkas) |
àš | tù | jìs, jisaĩ |
jì, jinaĩ |
mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu, jiẽdu |
jiẽdvi | mẽs | jū̃s | jiẽ | jõs | - | ||||
genitive (kilmininkas) |
manę̃s | tavę̃s | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | savę̃s | ||||||||
dative (naudininkas) |
mán | táu | jám | jái | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mùms | jùms | jíems | jóms | sáu | |||||||
accusative (galininkas) |
manè | tavè | jį̃ | ją̃ | mùdu | mùdvi | jùdu | jùdvi | juõdu | jiẽdvi | mùs | jùs | juõs | jàs | savè | ||||
instrumental (įnagininkas) |
manimì, manim̃ | tavimì, tavim̃ | juõ | jà | mùdviem | jùdviem | jõdviem | mumìs | jumìs | jaĩs | jomìs | savimì, savim̃ | |||||||
locative (vietininkas) |
manyjè, manỹ | tavyjè, tavỹ | jamè | jojè | mùdviese | jùdviese | jiẽdviese | mumysè | jumysè | juosè | josè | savyjè, savỹ | |||||||
possessive (savybiniai) |
màno | tàvo | jõ | jõs | mùdviejų | jùdviejų | jų̃dviejų | mū́sų | jū́sų | jų̃ | sàvo |
References
- ^ Rick Derksen (2002) '"Rozwadowski's change" in Baltic', Baltų Filologija, vol. 11, no. 1, pg. 5-12
- ^ Vytautas Ambrazas ed. (1997) Lithuanian Grammar. Vilnius: Insitute of the Lithuanian Language, page 208
- ^ Vytautas Mažiulis (2006) Historical Grammar of Old Prussian, page 78
Serbo-Croatian
Conjunction
aš