aby
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Translingual[edit]
Symbol[edit]
aby
English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /əˈbaɪ/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪ
Verb[edit]
aby (third-person singular simple present abys, present participle abying, simple past and past participle abought)
- (transitive)
- (archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends. [from 12th c.]
- Synonym: make up
- [c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “Passus secundus de visione”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...] (in Middle English), London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, OCLC 837479643, folio x, recto:
- The Notaries and ye noye the people / Ye ſhall abye it both by god that made me made
- The notaries and you annoy the people / You shall pay the penalty for it both, by God that made me!]
- [c. 1595–1596, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii], page 154, column 2:
- Diſparage not the faith thou doſt not know, / Leſt to thy perill thou abide it deare.]
- (archaic, figuratively) To pay (something) as a penalty; to suffer (something). [from 12th c.]
- Synonym: sustain
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto IV, stanza 38, page 455:
- Who dyes the vtmoſt dolor doth abye, / But who that liues, is lefte to waile his loſſe: / So life is loſſe, and death felicity.
- 1870, William Morris, “February: Bellerophon in Lycia”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], OCLC 51004898, page 339:
- We doubt thee not; / Thy tale seems true, nor dost thou glorify / Thyself herein—certes thou wouldst abye / A heavy fate if thou shouldst lie herein— […]
- (obsolete except Scotland) To endure or tolerate (something); to experience. [from 16th c.]
- Synonyms: brook, go on, hold on, put up with; see also Thesaurus:persist, Thesaurus:tolerate
- 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Wood by Silvermills”, in Catriona, London; Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson & Sons, Ltd., OCLC 976747732, page 131:
- The muckle black deil was father to the Frasers, a'body kens that; and as for the Gregara, I never could abye the reek of them since I could stotter on two feet.
- (obsolete) To pay for (something); to buy. [12th–16th c.]
- Synonyms: procure, purchase; see also Thesaurus:buy
- (archaic) To pay the penalty for (something); to atone for, to make amends. [from 12th c.]
- (intransitive, obsolete)
- To pay the penalty; to atone. [12th–16th c.]
- Synonyms: expiate, propitiate
- To endure; to remain. [14th–16th c.]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto VII, stanza 3, pages 494–495:
- So long as breath, and hable puiſſaunce / Did natiue corage vnto him ſupply, / His pace he freſhly forward did aduaunce, / And carried her beyond all ieopardy, / But nought that wanteth reſt, can long aby.
- To pay the penalty; to atone. [12th–16th c.]
Usage notes[edit]
- Aby and abide became confused with each other for a period of time.
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “aby”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 11.
- “aby, v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Anagrams[edit]
Czech[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
aby
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- aby in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- aby in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Lower Sorbian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Univerbation of až (“that”) + by (“would”)
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
aby (defective, invariable)
Further reading[edit]
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “aby”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “aby”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish aby, a univerbation of a + by. [First attested in the 15th century.][1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Conjunction[edit]
aby
- to, in order to, so that (connects sentences either to express the goal of a speaker, when the speaker wishes to communicate a command or wish) [+past tense = to do what]
- to (used to connect a sequence of actions) [+infintive = to do what]
- so long as (used to express a wish for anything) [+past tense = to do what]
- Zrób to byle jak, aby szybciej ― Do it any which way, as long as it's faster.
- (colloquial) introduces doubt from the speaker
- Aby tam będzie? ― Do you really think he'll be there?
- just to, for the sake of
- Czytał aby czytał ― He read just to read
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person | abym | abyśmy |
2nd person | abyś | abyście |
3rd person | aby | aby |
Derived terms[edit]
adverbs
preposition
phrase
References[edit]
- ^ K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “aby”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 10
Further reading[edit]
- aby in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- aby in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scots[edit]
Adverb[edit]
aby (not comparable)
References[edit]
- “aby” in Eagle, Andy, editor, The Online Scots Dictionary[1], 2016.
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
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- ISO 639-3
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- English words prefixed with a-
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- Rhymes:English/aɪ
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- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
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- Rhymes:Polish/abɨ
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