actio

See also: Actio

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti

Proto-Italic *agō

Latin agō

Latin āctum

Proto-Indo-European *-tis

Proto-Indo-European *-Hō

Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō

Proto-Italic *-tiō

Latin -tiō

Latin āctiōbor.

English actio

Borrowed from Latin āctiō.

Noun

actio (uncountable)

1. (rhetoric) The use of voice and gestures in oratory; the style of delivery of a speech.

Related terms

• actio popularis

Latin

Etymology

By surface analysis, āctum +‎ -tiō, using the supine of agō (“do, make”). The term is perhaps also comparable in form to Umbrian 𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌌 (ahtimem), though the etymology of this term is uncertain.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaːk.ti.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈak.t͡si.o]

Noun

āctiō f (genitive āctiōnis); third declension

1. action; a doing or performing, behavior

   Synonyms: gestum, factum, facinus, rēs, coeptum, āctus

2. public function, civil act
3. (law) suit, process, action
4. gesticulation made while speaking
5. (drama) the action, plot, series of events

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	āctiō	āctiōnēs
genitive	āctiōnis	āctiōnum
dative	āctiōnī	āctiōnibus
accusative	āctiōnem	āctiōnēs
ablative	āctiōne	āctiōnibus
vocative	āctiō	āctiōnēs

Related terms

• agō

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • >? Italian: lazzo

Borrowings:

• → Asturian: aición, aciu
• → Belarusian: а́кцыя (ákcyja)
• → Catalan: acció
• → Corsican: azzione, azzioni
• → Czech: akce
• → Dutch: actie
  • → Danish: aktie
  • → German: Aktie
  • → Malay: aksi
• → Esperanto: akcio
• → Franco-Provençal: accion
• → Friulian: azion
• → Galician: acción
• → Georgian: აქცია (akcia)
• → German: Aktion
• → Hungarian: akció
• → Interlingua: action
• → Italian: azione
• → Ladin: azion
• → Ladino: aksión
• → Occitan: accion
• → Old French: action
  • French: action (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle English: accioun (see there for further descendants)
• → Piedmontese: assion
• → Polish: akcja, akcyja (Middle Polish), akcya (pre-reform orthography (1816)) (learned)
  • → Kashubian: akcjô
• → Portuguese: ação
• → Russian: а́кция (ákcija) (see there for further descendants)
• → Serbo-Croatian: а̀кција, àkcija
• → Sicilian: azziuni, azzioni
  • → Maltese: azzjoni
• → Spanish: acción
• → Ukrainian: а́кція (ákcija)

References

• “actio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “actio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "actio", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “actio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • practical philosophy: philosophia, quae in actione versatur
    
  • the treatment of the piece: actio
    
  • delivery: actio (Brut. 38)
    
  • the delivery is rather halting, poor: actio paulum claudicat
    
  • a private, civil prosecution: actio, petitio
    
• “actio”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “actio”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Welsh

Etymology

act +‎ -io

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaktjɔ/

Verb

actio (first-person singular present actiaf)

1. (acting) to act

Conjugation

Conjugation of actio (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	actiaf	ecti	actia	actiwn	ectiwch, actiwch	actiant	ectir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	actiwn	ectit	actiai	actiem	actiech	actient	ectid
preterite	ectiais	ectiaist	actiodd	actiasom	actiasoch	actiasant	actiwyd
pluperfect	actiaswn	actiasit	actiasai	actiasem	actiasech	actiasent	actiasid, actiesid
present subjunctive	actiwyf	ectiech	actio	actiom	actioch	actiont	actier
imperative	—	actia	actied	actiwn	ectiwch, actiwch	actient	actier
verbal noun	actio
verbal adjectives	actiedig actiadwy

Conjugation of actio (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	actia i, actiaf i	acti di	actith o/e/hi, actiff e/hi	actiwn ni	actiwch chi	actian nhw
conditional	actiwn i, actswn i	actiet ti, actset ti	actiai fo/fe/hi, actsai fo/fe/hi	actien ni, actsen ni	actiech chi, actsech chi	actien nhw, actsen nhw
preterite	actiais i, acties i	actiaist ti, actiest ti	actiodd o/e/hi	action ni	actioch chi	action nhw
imperative	—	actia	—	—	actiwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Related terms

• actor (“actor”)
• actores (“actress”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of actio

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
actio	unchanged	unchanged	hactio

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “actio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies