disparar

Catalan

Etymology

Alteration of Old Catalan desparar (possibly by influence of Spanish disparar), either from des- + parar or inherited from Latin disparāre (“separate”), from dis- + parō (“make equal”), although it was taken as the negative of parō (“prepare, arrange”) in Romance.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [dis.pəˈɾa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [dis.paˈɾaɾ]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

disparar (first-person singular present disparo, first-person singular preterite disparí, past participle disparat)

1. to shoot

   Synonym: tirar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of disparar (first conjugation)

infinitive			disparar
gerund			disparant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		disparat		disparada
		plural		disparats		disparades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	disparo	dispares	dispara	disparem	dispareu	disparen
	imperfect	disparava	disparaves	disparava	disparàvem	disparàveu	disparaven
	future	dispararé	dispararàs	dispararà	dispararem	disparareu	dispararan
	preterite	disparí	disparares	disparà	disparàrem	disparàreu	dispararen
	conditional	dispararia	dispararies	dispararia	dispararíem	dispararíeu	dispararien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dispari	disparis	dispari	disparem	dispareu	disparin
	imperfect	disparés	disparessis	disparés	disparéssim	disparéssiu	disparessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	dispara	dispari	disparem	dispareu	disparin
	negative (no)	—	no disparis	no dispari	no disparem	no dispareu	no disparin

Related terms

• parar

Further reading

• “disparar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “disparar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From alteration of Old Galician-Portuguese desparar, from Latin disparāre (“separate”), from dis- + parō (“make equal”), although it was taken as the negative of parō (“prepare, arrange”) in Romance.

Verb

disparar (first-person singular present disparo, first-person singular preterite disparei, past participle disparado)

1. to shoot, fire

   Synonym: tirar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of disparar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	disparar
Personal	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararen
Gerund
	disparando
Past participle
Masculine	disparado			disparados
Feminine	disparada			disparadas
Indicative
Present	disparo	disparas	dispara	disparamos	disparades	disparan
Imperfect	disparaba	disparabas	disparaba	disparabamos	disparabades	disparaban
Preterite	disparei	disparaches	disparou	disparamos	disparastes	dispararon
Pluperfect	disparara	dispararas	disparara	dispararamos	dispararades	dispararan
Future	dispararei	dispararás	disparará	dispararemos	dispararedes	dispararán
Conditional	dispararía	dispararías	dispararía	disparariamos	disparariades	dispararían
Subjunctive
Present	dispare	dispares	dispare	disparemos	disparedes	disparen
Imperfect	disparase	disparases	disparase	disparásemos	disparásedes	disparasen
Future	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararen
Imperative
Affirmative		dispara	dispare	disparemos	disparade	disparen
Negative (non)		non dispares	non dispare	non disparemos	non disparedes	non disparen

    Reintegrated conjugation of disparar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	disparar
Personal	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararem
Gerund
	disparando
Past participle
Masculine	disparado			disparados
Feminine	disparada			disparadas
Indicative
Present	disparo	disparas	dispara	disparamos	disparades, disparais	disparam
Imperfect	disparava	disparavas	disparava	disparávamos	disparávades, disparáveis, disparávais1	disparavam
Preterite	disparei	disparaste, disparache1	disparou	disparamos	disparastes	disparárom, dispararam
Pluperfect	disparara	dispararas	disparara	disparáramos	disparárades, disparáreis, disparárais1	dispararam
Future	dispararei	dispararás	disparará	dispararemos	dispararedes, disparareis	dispararám, dispararão
Conditional	dispararia	dispararias	dispararia	dispararíamos	dispararíades, dispararíeis, dispararíais1	disparariam
Subjunctive
Present	dispare	dispares	dispare	disparemos	disparedes, dispareis	disparem
Imperfect	disparasse	disparasses	disparasse	disparássemos	disparássedes, disparásseis	disparassem
Future	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararem
Imperative
Affirmative		dispara	dispare	disparemos	disparade, disparai	disparem
Negative (nom)		nom dispares	nom dispare	nom disparemos	nom disparedes, nom dispareis	nom disparem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• parar

Further reading

• “disparar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “disparar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026

Portuguese

Etymology

From alteration of Old Galician-Portuguese desparar, from Latin disparāre (“to separate”), from dis- + parō (“make equal”), although it was taken as the negative of parō (“prepare, arrange”) in Romance.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒiʃ.paˈɾa(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒiʃ.paˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒis.paˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /diʃ.pɐˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /diʃ.pɐˈɾaɾ/
  • (Central Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨʃ.pɐˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /dɨʃ.pɐˈɾa.ɾi/

• Audio (Portugal):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

Verb

disparar (first-person singular present disparo, first-person singular preterite disparei, past participle disparado)

1. to shoot, to fire (a weapon)

   Synonym: atirar

2. (figuratively, transitive) to shoot up, to soar (to grow rapidly: prices etc.)
   • 2018 May 2, Sofia Cristino, “Apesar do “elevado dinamismo”, estão a fechar mais lojas em Lisboa do que as que abrem”, in o corvo‎^[2]:

     A alteração à lei do arrendamento fez disparar o preço das rendas para valores históricos, conduzindo muitos estabelecimentos comerciais a fechar portas em Lisboa.

     A change in the housing law made renting fees soar to historical values and is forcing many commercial establishments to close shop in Lisbon.

3. (intransitive) to go off (an alarm), to trip (a circuit breaker)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of disparar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	disparar
Personal	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararem
Gerund
	disparando
Past participle
Masculine	disparado			disparados
Feminine	disparada			disparadas
Indicative
Present	disparo	disparas	dispara	disparamos	disparais	disparam
Imperfect	disparava	disparavas	disparava	disparávamos	disparáveis	disparavam
Preterite	disparei	disparaste	disparou	disparamos1, disparámos2	disparastes	dispararam
Pluperfect	disparara	dispararas	disparara	disparáramos	disparáreis	dispararam
Future	dispararei	dispararás	disparará	dispararemos	disparareis	dispararão
Conditional	dispararia	dispararias	dispararia	dispararíamos	dispararíeis	disparariam
Subjunctive
Present	dispare	dispares	dispare	disparemos	dispareis	disparem
Imperfect	disparasse	disparasses	disparasse	disparássemos	disparásseis	disparassem
Future	disparar	disparares	disparar	dispararmos	disparardes	dispararem
Imperative
Affirmative		dispara	dispare	disparemos	disparai	disparem
Negative (não)		não dispares	não dispare	não disparemos	não dispareis	não disparem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• disparador
• disparo

Related terms

• parar

Further reading

• “disparar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “disparar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “disparar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “disparar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Latinizing alteration of Old Spanish desparar, from Latin disparāre (“separate”), from dis- + parō (“make equal”), although it was taken as the negative of parō (“prepare, arrange”) in Romance.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dispaˈɾaɾ/ [d̪is.paˈɾaɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: dis‧pa‧rar

Verb

disparar (first-person singular present disparo, first-person singular preterite disparé, past participle disparado)

1. to shoot, to fire (e.g. a weapon, a rocket)

   Synonym: tirar

2. (reflexive) to rise, to go up, to skyrocket
3. (reflexive) to go off, to be suddenly jolted into action

Conjugation

    Conjugation of disparar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			disparar
gerund			disparando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		disparado		disparada
		plural		disparados		disparadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	disparo	disparastú disparásvos	dispara	disparamos	disparáis	disparan
	imperfect	disparaba	disparabas	disparaba	disparábamos	disparabais	disparaban
	preterite	disparé	disparaste	disparó	disparamos	disparasteis	dispararon
	future	dispararé	dispararás	disparará	dispararemos	dispararéis	dispararán
	conditional	dispararía	dispararías	dispararía	dispararíamos	dispararíais	dispararían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	dispare	disparestú disparésvos2	dispare	disparemos	disparéis	disparen
	imperfect (ra)	disparara	dispararas	disparara	disparáramos	dispararais	dispararan
	imperfect (se)	disparase	disparases	disparase	disparásemos	disparaseis	disparasen
	future1	disparare	disparares	disparare	disparáremos	disparareis	dispararen
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		disparatú disparávos	dispare	disparemos	disparad	disparen
	negative		no dispares	no dispare	no disparemos	no disparéis	no disparen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of disparar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive disparar	dative	dispararme	dispararte	dispararle, dispararse	dispararnos	dispararos	dispararles, dispararse
	accusative	dispararme	dispararte	dispararlo, dispararla, dispararse	dispararnos	dispararos	dispararlos, dispararlas, dispararse
with gerund disparando	dative	disparándome	disparándote	disparándole, disparándose	disparándonos	disparándoos	disparándoles, disparándose
	accusative	disparándome	disparándote	disparándolo, disparándola, disparándose	disparándonos	disparándoos	disparándolos, disparándolas, disparándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative dispara	dative	dispárame	dispárate	dispárale	dispáranos	not used	dispárales
	accusative	dispárame	dispárate	dispáralo, dispárala	dispáranos	not used	dispáralos, dispáralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative dispará	dative	disparame	disparate	disparale	disparanos	not used	disparales
	accusative	disparame	disparate	disparalo, disparala	disparanos	not used	disparalos, disparalas
with formal second-person singular imperative dispare	dative	dispáreme	not used	dispárele, dispárese	dispárenos	not used	dispáreles
	accusative	dispáreme	not used	dispárelo, dispárela, dispárese	dispárenos	not used	dispárelos, dispárelas
with first-person plural imperative disparemos	dative	not used	disparémoste	disparémosle	disparémonos	disparémoos	disparémosles
	accusative	not used	disparémoste	disparémoslo, disparémosla	disparémonos	disparémoos	disparémoslos, disparémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative disparad	dative	disparadme	not used	disparadle	disparadnos	disparaos	disparadles
	accusative	disparadme	not used	disparadlo, disparadla	disparadnos	disparaos	disparadlos, disparadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative disparen	dative	dispárenme	not used	dispárenle	dispárennos	not used	dispárenles, dispárense
	accusative	dispárenme	not used	dispárenlo, dispárenla	dispárennos	not used	dispárenlos, dispárenlas, dispárense

Derived terms

• disparadero
• disparador
• disparar primero y preguntar después
• dispararse
• disparatar
• disparate
• disparo

Related terms

• parar

Further reading

• “disparar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025