držati

See also: дръжати

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dř̩ʒati/
• Hyphenation: dr‧ža‧ti

Verb

dr̀žati impf (Cyrillic spelling др̀жати)

1. (transitive) to hold, grasp
2. (transitive) to bear, support
3. (transitive) to consider
4. (reflexive) to behave, act
5. (reflexive) to mind, care about

Conjugation

Conjugation of dr̀žati

infinitive		dr̀žati
present verbal adverb		dr̀žēći
past verbal adverb		dr̀žāvši
verbal noun		dr̀žānje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		dr̀žīm	dr̀žīš	dr̀žī	dr̀žīmo	dr̀žīte	dr̀žē
future	future I	dr̀žat ću1 dr̀žaću	dr̀žat ćeš1 dr̀žaćeš	dr̀žat će1 dr̀žaće	dr̀žat ćemo1 dr̀žaćemo	dr̀žat ćete1 dr̀žaćete	dr̀žat ćе̄1 dr̀žaće
	future II	bȕdēm dr̀žao2	bȕdēš dr̀žao2	bȕdē dr̀žao2	bȕdēmo dr̀žali2	bȕdēte dr̀žali2	bȕdū dr̀žali2
past	perfect	dr̀žao sam2	dr̀žao si2	dr̀žao je2	dr̀žali smo2	dr̀žali ste2	dr̀žali su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam dr̀žao2	bȉo si dr̀žao2	bȉo je dr̀žao2	bíli smo dr̀žali2	bíli ste dr̀žali2	bíli su dr̀žali2
	aorist	dr̀žah	dr̀ža	dr̀ža	dr̀žasmo	dr̀žaste	dr̀žaše
	imperfect	dr̀žāh	dr̀žāše	dr̀žāše	dr̀žāsmo	dr̀žāste	dr̀žāhu
conditional	conditional I	dr̀žao bih2	dr̀žao bi2	dr̀žao bi2	dr̀žali bismo2	dr̀žali biste2	dr̀žali bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih dr̀žao2	bȉo bi dr̀žao2	bȉo bi dr̀žao2	bíli bismo dr̀žali2	bíli biste dr̀žali2	bíli bi dr̀žali2
imperative		—	dr̀ži	—	dr̀žimo	dr̀žite	—
active past participle		dr̀žao m / dr̀žala f / dr̀žalo n			dr̀žali m / dr̀žale f / dr̀žala n
passive past participle		dr̀žān m / dr̀žāna f / dr̀žāno n			dr̀žāni m / dr̀žāne f / dr̀žāna n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• drška
• držac
• držanje
• država
• izdr̀žati
• održanje
• odr̀žati
• podrška
• podr̀žati
• pridr̀žati
• sadržaj
• sadr̀žati
• suzdr̀žati
• zadr̀žati

Further reading

• “držati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dьržati.

Verb

držáti impf

1. to be true

   Synonym: biti res

   Drži! ― It's true!

2. (transitive) to hold, grasp
3. (transitive) to stick to, abide by, keep to

   Synonym: upoštevati

   Glej, da se držiš roka. ― Mind to meet the deadline.

4. (transitive) (figurative) to have a hold on, keep in check, control

   Držal ga je v šahu / pesti. ― He was keeping him under his control.

5. (reflexive) to be attached to, touch

   Hiša se drži hleva. ― The house is attached to the barn.

6. (reflexive) to stick

   Vedno se držim pravil. ― I always stick to the rules.

   Drži se ga kot klop. ― She sticks to him like glue.

7. (reflexive) to show feelings, grimace (usually negatively)

   Synonym: kremžiti

   Zakaj se tako grdo držiš? ― Why are you grimacing like that?

Related terms

• obdržati pf
• zadržati pf
• zdržati pf

Further reading

• “držati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “držati”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references