戡

戡 U+6221, 戡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6221 ← 戠 [U+6220] CJK Unified Ideographs 戢 → [U+6222]

Translingual

Han character

戡 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿女戈 (TVI), four-corner 4375₀, composition ⿰甚戈)

Derived characters

• 𪭕, 𥖘

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 413, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11616
• Dae Jaweon: page 756, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1408, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6221

Chinese

trad.		戡
simp. #		戡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戡
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kān (kan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kham

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kān
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kan
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
    • Yale: kān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham¹
    • Yale: hām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
    • Tâi-lô: kham
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: khom

Rime
Character	戡
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	口含切
Baxter	khom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤ[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kān
Middle Chinese	‹ khom ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁ[ə]m/
English	kill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戡
Reading #	1/2
No.	11272
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	龕
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːm/

Definitions

戡

1. to subjugate; to subdue; to quell

   alt. forms: 龕／龛 (kān)

Compounds

• 動員戡亂／动员戡乱
• 戡亂／戡乱 (kānluàn)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhěn (zhen³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhěn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhěn
    • Wade–Giles: chên³
    • Yale: jěn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən²¹⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: trimX

Rime
Character	戡
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	張甚切
Baxter	trimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚimX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjimX/
Li Rong	/ȶjəmX/
Wang Li	/ȶĭĕmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'umʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戡
Reading #	2/2
No.	11286
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	戡
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'umʔ/

Definitions

戡

1. ^‡ This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam³

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zam³
    • Yale: jam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/

Definitions

戡

1. ^† Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn)

References

• “戡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

戡

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. victory

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)、ちん (chin)
• Kun: かつ (katsu)

Korean

Hanja

戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. subjugate
2. subdue, quell
3. kill

Vietnamese

Han character

戡: Hán Nôm readings: kham

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation