esperar

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Asturian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb[edit]

esperar (first-person singular indicative present espero, past participle esperáu)

  1. to wait
  2. to hope
  3. to expect

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of esperar
infinitive esperar
gerund esperando
past participle m esperáu, f esperada, n esperao, m pl esperaos, f pl esperaes
person first singular
yo 		second singular
tu 		third singular
él/elli 		first plural
nosotros/nós 		second plural
vosotros/vós 		third plural
ellos
indicative present espero esperes espera esperamos esperáis esperen
imperfect esperaba esperabes esperaba esperábemos, esperábamos esperabeis, esperabais esperaben
preterite esperé esperasti, esperesti esperó esperemos esperastis, esperestis esperaron
pluperfect esperare, esperara esperares, esperaras esperare, esperara esperáremos, esperáramos esperareis, esperarais esperaren, esperaran
future esperaré esperarás esperará esperaremos esperaréis esperarán
conditional esperaría esperaríes esperaría esperaríemos, esperaríamos esperaríeis, esperaríais esperaríen
subjunctive present espere esperes, esperas espere esperemos esperéis esperen, esperan
imperfect esperare, esperara esperares, esperaras esperare, esperara esperáremos, esperáramos esperareis, esperarais esperaren, esperaran
imperative — espera — — esperái —

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin spērāre (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

esperar (first-person singular present espero, past participle esperat)

  1. to wait, wait for, await
  2. to hope
  3. to expect

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of esperar (first conjugation)
infinitive esperar
present participle esperant
past participle masculine feminine
singular esperat esperada
plural esperats esperades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present espero esperes espera esperem espereu esperen
imperfect esperava esperaves esperava esperàvem esperàveu esperaven
future esperaré esperaràs esperarà esperarem esperareu esperaran
preterite esperí esperares esperà esperàrem esperàreu esperaren
conditional esperaria esperaries esperaria esperaríem esperaríeu esperarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present esperi esperis esperi esperem espereu esperin
imperfect esperés esperessis esperés esperéssim esperéssiu esperessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
— espera esperi esperem espereu esperin

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, asperar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa María), from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)

  1. to wait
    Synonym: agardar
  2. to hope

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of esperar
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal esperar
personal esperar esperares esperar esperarmos esperardes esperaren
Gerund
esperando
Past participle singular plural
masculine esperado esperados
feminine esperada esperadas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present espero esperas espera esperamos esperades esperan
imperfect esperaba esperabas esperaba esperabamos esperabades esperaban
preterite esperei esperaches esperou esperamos esperastes esperaron
pluperfect esperara esperaras esperara esperaramos esperarades esperaran
future esperarei esperarás esperará esperaremos esperaredes esperarán
conditional esperaría esperarías esperaría esperariamos esperariades esperarían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present espere esperes espere esperemos esperedes esperen
preterite esperase esperases esperase esperásemos esperásedes esperasen
future esperar esperares esperar esperarmos esperardes esperaren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – espera espere esperemos esperade esperen
negative – esperes espere esperemos esperedes esperen

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  • “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “esper” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “esperar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “esperar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “esperar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ido[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)

  1. to hope

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esperar
present past future
infinitive esperar esperir esperor
tense esperas esperis esperos
conditional esperus
imperative esperez
adjective active participle esperanta esperinta esperonta
adverbial active participle esperante esperinte esperonte
nominal active participle singular esperanto esperinto esperonto
plural esperanti esperinti esperonti
adjective passive participle esperata esperita esperota
adverbial passive participle esperate esperite esperote
nominal passive participle singular esperato esperito esperoto
plural esperati esperiti esperoti

Derived terms[edit]

  • desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio (Béarn)(file)

Verb[edit]

esperar

  1. to hope
  2. to wait

Conjugation[edit]

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive esperar aver esperat
gerund esperant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle esperat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present esperi esperas espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperavi esperavas esperava esperàvem esperàvetz esperavan
preterite esperèri esperères esperèt esperèrem esperèretz esperèron
future esperarai esperaràs esperarà esperarem esperaretz esperaràn
conditional esperariái esperariás esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
conditional 2nd form1 esperèra esperèras esperèra espereram espereratz esperèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperem esperetz esperen
imperfect esperèssi esperèsses esperèsse esperèssem esperèssetz esperèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
espera esperem esperatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Auvernhàs
simple compound
infinitive esperar aver esperat
gerund esperant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle esperat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperes espera esperam esperatz esperon
imperfect esperave esperaves esperava esperaviam esperaviatz esperavon
preterite esperere espereres esperet esperem esperetz espereron
future esperarai esperaràs esperará esperarem esperaretz esperarán
conditional esperariá esperariás esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
conditional 2nd form1 esperèra esperèras esperèra espereram espereratz esperèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperassiam esperassiatz esperon
imperfect esperesse esperesses esperesse esperessiam esperessiatz esperesson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
espera esperassiam esperatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Gascon
simple compound
infinitive esperar aver esperat
gerund esperant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle esperat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present esperi esperas espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperavi esperavas esperava esperàvam esperàvatz esperavan
preterite esperèi esperès esperè esperèm esperètz esperèn
future esperarèi esperaràs esperarà esperaram esperaratz esperaràn
conditional esperarí esperarés esperaré esperarem esperaretz esperarén
conditional 2nd form1 esperèra esperèras esperèra espereram espereratz esperèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present esperi esperes espere esperem esperetz esperen
imperfect esperèssi esperèsses esperèsse esperèssem esperèssetz esperèssen
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
espera esperem esperatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Lemosin
simple compound
infinitive esperar aver esperat
gerund esperant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle esperat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperas espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperava esperavas esperava esperàvam esperàvatz esperavan
preterite esperei espereras esperet esperèram esperèratz espereran
future esperarai esperaràs esperará esperarem esperaretz esperarán
conditional esperariá esperariàs esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
conditional 2nd form1 esperèra esperèras esperèra espereram espereratz esperèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperem esperetz esperen
imperfect esperèsse esperèsses esperèsse esperèssem esperèssetz esperèssen
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
espera esperem esperatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Provençau
simple compound
infinitive esperar aver esperat
gerund esperant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle esperat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperes espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperavi esperavas esperava esperàvem esperàvetz esperavan
preterite esperère esperères esperèt espereriam espereriatz esperèron
future esperarai esperaràs esperarà esperarem esperaretz esperaràn
conditional esperariáu esperariás esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
conditional 2nd form1 esperèra esperèras esperèra espereram espereratz esperèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperem esperetz esperan
imperfect esperèsse esperèsses esperèsse esperessiam esperessiatz esperèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
espera esperem esperatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, asperar, from Latin spērāre (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /is.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [is.peˈɾa(h)], /es.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [es.peˈɾa(h)]

Verb[edit]

esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)

  1. to wait
    2. (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
      Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
      Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
      Synonym: aguardar
    4. (transitive, auxiliary with a verb in the personal infinitive as the second object) to wait for (not to do anything until)
      Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
      Synonym: aguardar
  2. to hope
    2. (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
      Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
    4. (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking que and a verb in the present subjunctive) to hope (that) someone does something
      Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
    6. (auxiliary with a verb in the personal or impersonal infinitive) to hope something can be done
      Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
  4. (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen)
    É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
    Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
    Synonym: aguardar

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esperar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal esperar
Personal esperar esperares esperar esperarmos esperardes esperarem
Gerund
esperando
Past participle
Masculine esperado esperados
Feminine esperada esperadas
Indicative
Present espero esperas espera esperamos esperais esperam
Imperfect esperava esperavas esperava esperávamos esperáveis esperavam
Preterite esperei esperaste esperou esperamos1, esperámos2 esperastes esperaram
Pluperfect esperara esperaras esperara esperáramos esperáreis esperaram
Future esperarei esperarás esperará esperaremos esperareis esperarão
Conditional
esperaria esperarias esperaria esperaríamos esperaríeis esperariam
Subjunctive
Present espere esperes espere esperemos espereis esperem
Imperfect esperasse esperasses esperasse esperássemos esperásseis esperassem
Future esperar esperares esperar esperarmos esperardes esperarem
Imperative
Affirmative espera espere esperemos esperai esperem
Negative (não) não esperes não espere não esperemos não espereis não esperem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Further reading[edit]

  • “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin spērāre (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Distant cognate with English speed (both terms having the same Proto-Indo-European root but speed descending via Proto-Germanic).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /espeˈɾaɾ/ [es.peˈɾaɾ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: es‧pe‧rar

Verb[edit]

esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)

  1. (transitive) to hope for, hope to (often with a verb in the subjunctive)
    esperar con interés ― to look forward to, to eagerly await
    Espera que no sea necesario.
    He hopes it won't be necessary.
  2. (transitive) to expect, look for (often with a verb in the indicative)
    Espera que no sea fácil.
    He expects it isn't easy.
  3. (transitive) to wait to, wait for, await
    Por favor espera aquí.
    Please wait here.
  4. (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
  5. (intransitive) to hope
  6. (intransitive) to expect (a baby)
  7. (reflexive) to be expected, to expect (impersonal use)
  8. (reflexive) to spare

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive esperar
gerund esperando
past participle masculine feminine
singular esperado esperada
plural esperados esperadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present espero esperastú
esperásvos 		espera esperamos esperáis esperan
imperfect esperaba esperabas esperaba esperábamos esperabais esperaban
preterite esperé esperaste esperó esperamos esperasteis esperaron
future esperaré esperarás esperará esperaremos esperaréis esperarán
conditional esperaría esperarías esperaría esperaríamos esperaríais esperarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present espere esperestú
esperésvos2 		espere esperemos esperéis esperen
imperfect
(ra) 		esperara esperaras esperara esperáramos esperarais esperaran
imperfect
(se) 		esperase esperases esperase esperásemos esperaseis esperasen
future1 esperare esperares esperare esperáremos esperareis esperaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative esperatú
esperávos 		espere esperemos esperad esperen
negative no esperes no espere no esperemos no esperéis no esperen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of esperar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive esperar
dative esperarme esperarte esperarle, esperarse esperarnos esperaros esperarles, esperarse
accusative esperarme esperarte esperarlo, esperarla, esperarse esperarnos esperaros esperarlos, esperarlas, esperarse
with gerund esperando
dative esperándome esperándote esperándole, esperándose esperándonos esperándoos esperándoles, esperándose
accusative esperándome esperándote esperándolo, esperándola, esperándose esperándonos esperándoos esperándolos, esperándolas, esperándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative espera
dative espérame espérate espérale espéranos not used espérales
accusative espérame espérate espéralo, espérala espéranos not used espéralos, espéralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative esperá
dative esperame esperate esperale esperanos not used esperales
accusative esperame esperate esperalo, esperala esperanos not used esperalos, esperalas
with formal second-person singular imperative espere
dative espéreme not used espérele, espérese espérenos not used espéreles
accusative espéreme not used espérelo, espérela, espérese espérenos not used espérelos, espérelas
with first-person plural imperative esperemos
dative not used esperémoste esperémosle esperémonos esperémoos esperémosles
accusative not used esperémoste esperémoslo, esperémosla esperémonos esperémoos esperémoslos, esperémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative esperad
dative esperadme not used esperadle esperadnos esperaos esperadles
accusative esperadme not used esperadlo, esperadla esperadnos esperaos esperadlos, esperadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative esperen
dative espérenme not used espérenle espérennos not used espérenles, espérense
accusative espérenme not used espérenlo, espérenla espérennos not used espérenlos, espérenlas, espérense

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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