esperar
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar (first-person singular indicative present espero, past participle esperáu)
Conjugation
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [əs.pəˈɾa]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [es.peˈɾaɾ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
[edit]esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperí, past participle esperat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | esperar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | esperant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
negative (no) | — | no esperis | no esperi | no esperem | no espereu | no esperin |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “esperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar (from 13th c.), inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “esperar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esper”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esperar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esperar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)
- to hope
Conjugation
[edit]present | past | future | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
conditional | esperus | ||||||
imperative | esperez | ||||||
adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti |
Derived terms
[edit]- desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
[edit]Old Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar
- to wait (for), await
- c. 1200, Almerich, La fazienda de ultramar, (published by Moshé Lazar, 1965, Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, page 211):
- En est logar dize Ysayas de Messias que esperan los Judios e non conoscen com es venido.
- In this place, Isaiah speaks of the Messiah whom the Jews await, and whom they don't know he [already] came.
- to hope, expect
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- mientre fían en los ídolos, que son cosas sin entendimiento e sin alma, juran mal, e esperan que les non nozirá.
- While putting trust in idols, which are things without understanding nor soul, they wrongly make oaths and expect it will not harm them.
- to trust completely (in God)
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- Toda palabra de Dios es escudo fecho con fuego para los que esperan en él.
- The word of God is a shield made of fire for those who trust in Him.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “esperar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 740
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
- to wait
- (transitive or intransitive) to wait (for); to await [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
- Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (catenative) to wait [with subject pronoun ‘for someone’ (optional) and personal infinitive ‘to do something’]
- Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (transitive or intransitive) to wait (for); to await [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- to hope
- (intransitive) to hope for (to really want) [with por ‘something’]
- Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
- (transitive) to hope [with que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘that someone does something’]
- Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
- (catenative) to hope [with infinitive ‘to do something’; or with subject pronoun ‘for someone’ (optional) and personal infinitive ‘to something’]
- Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
- (intransitive) to hope for (to really want) [with por ‘something’]
- to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen) [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
- Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
- Synonym: aguardar
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Further reading
[edit]- “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Spanish esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)
- (transitive or catenative) to hope [with direct object ‘for something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’ or que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘that something happens’]
- Synonym: tener esperanza de que
- esperar con interés ― to look forward to, to eagerly await
- En vano esperaron mejores días. ― They hoped for better days in vain.
- Esperamos llegar a viejos juntos. ― We hope we'll grow old together.
- Ella espera ya estar casada cuando tenga treinta. ― She hopes she'll be already married when she's 30 years old.
- Espera que no sea necesario. ― He hopes it won't be necessary.
- (transitive or catenative) to expect [with direct object ‘something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’ or que (+ indicative clause) ‘that something happens’]
- Synonym: anticipar
- Ellos esperan encontrar muchas dificultades. ― They expect to come across many hardships.
- Esperamos un clima adverso mañana. ― We're expecting unfavourable weather tomorrow.
- Los estudiantes esperan que no será fácil el examen. ― The students expect the exam won't be easy.
- Los huéspedes esperan que les ayudaremos. ― The guests expect we'll help them.
- (intransitive or transitive) to wait, wait (for) [(optionally) with direct object ‘for something’ or a que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘for something to happen’]
- Por favor espera aquí. ― Please wait here.
- Te he esperado por media hora. ― I have waited for you for half an hour.
- Espero con ansias tu llegada. ― I am anxiously waiting for your arrival.
- ¡Espera a que la conozcas en persona! ― Wait till you meet her in person!
- Estamos esperando a que se suavice la lluvia. ― We're waiting for the rain to get less heavy.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
- ¡Espera! ¡Espérate tantito! ― Wait! Hold on for a sec!
- (reflexive, impersonal) to be expected
- Se espera que el huracán llegue mañana. ― The hurricane is expected to come tomorrow.
Conjugation
[edit]These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “esperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/3 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
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- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish lemmas
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- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Portuguese 3-syllable words
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- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese transitive verbs
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- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
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