odpowiadać
Appearance
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
From od- + powiadać. First attested in 1387.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]odpowiadać impf (perfective odpowiedzieć)
- (attested in Lesser Poland) to answer, to reply (to give a verbal response) [with k (+ dative) ‘to whom’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’; or with przeciw (+ dative) ‘against what’]
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskietransliteration, transcription, Krakow, page 177b:
- A na tocz tutha tobe tako odpoueda
- [A na toć tuta tobie tako odpowieda]
- 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)transliteration, transcription, section 19,19:
- Moyszesz mowyl a pan otpowyedal (respondebat) gemu
- [Mojżesz mowił, a Pan otpowiedał (respondebat) jemu]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[2], page 635:
- K temv tez odpovyeda Crizostomus
- [K temu też 'odpowieda Kryzostomus]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[3], page 771:
- Nye odpovyedasch (non respondes Marc 15, 4) nycz przeczyv themv?
- [Nie odpowiedasz (non respondes Marc 15, 4) nic przeciw temu?]
- (law, attested in Masovia) to defend (to stand before court as the defendant)
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 9:
- Pozwani ho wczynek grzeschni *przes krolyewską wyelmosznosczą ma odpowyadacz (respondebit)
- [Pozwany ho uczynek grzeszny przed krolewską wielmożnością ma odpowiadać (respondebit)]
- (attested in attested in Greater Poland) to make threats; to get back, to get revenge
- 1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 16, Poznań:
- Przes to Miroslaw zabil Jana, ysz mu otpouadal y *krad gy
- [Przez to Mirosław zabił Jana, iż mu otpowiadał i krad[ł] ji]
- to speak; to announce; to tell about
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[4], page 771:
- O, movy svyąthy Augustyn, odpovyedayczye thu zlych duchov zbavyeny[e], trądovaczy oczysczeny
- [O, mowi święty Augustyn, odpowiedajcie tu złych duchow zbawieni[e], [niemocni uzdrowieni], trędowaci oczyszczeni]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) to suit (to be appropriate or apt for)
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskietransliteration, transcription, Krakow, page gl. 42b:
- Huic purgacioni respondet, otpouada, purgacio spiritualis
- [Huic purgacioni respondet, otpowiada, purgacio spiritualis]
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]adjective
adverb
verbs
- powiedzieć pf, powiadać impf
Descendants
[edit]- Polish: odpowiadać
- Silesian: ôdpowiadać
References
[edit]- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “odpowiadać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “odpowiadać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- odpowiedać (Middle Polish, Kuyavia, Izbica Kujawska, Kowal, Bogusławice, Lubień Kujawski, Łęczyca, Krośniewice, Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Polish odpowiadać. By surface analysis, od- + powiadać.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]odpowiadać impf (perfective odpowiedzieć)
- (ambitransitive) to answer; to reply; to respond (to respond, either verbally or in written text) [with dative ‘to someone’ or na (+ accusative) ‘to what (that person said)’]
- Synonyms: odpierać, odrzekać, replikować
- (intransitive) to respond (to react to an action) [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’]
- Synonym: reagować
- (intransitive) to answer; to reply; to respond (to give an answer in class to a teacher) [with z (+ genitive) ‘what question/subject’]
- (intransitive) to answer; to reply; to respond (to react to someone's action doing the same thing)
- Synonym: odwzajemniać
- (intransitive) to answer for; to answer to (to be responsible for something; to face the negative consequences of something; to be accountable before someone) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘to whom’ and za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]
- (intransitive) to suit (to be proper or suitable) [with dative ‘someone’]
- Przedstawione warunki umowy mi nie odpowiadają. ― The presented terms of the agreement do not suit me.
- (intransitive) to cause, to explain, to be the reason for [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]
- (intransitive) to agree with, to match, to correspond [with dative ‘what’]
- (transitive, Northern Borderlands, Lithuania) synonym of odmawiać (“to reject”)
- (transitive, obsolete) to repeat, to say again
- Synonym: powtarzać
- (intransitive, Middle Polish, law) to defend (to stand before court as the defendant)
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to threaten, to make threats; to get back, to get revenge
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to charge of, to accuse
- Synonym: oskarżać
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to speak up (to begin speaking)
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to express loyalty or subservience
- (transitive, Middle Polish) to explain
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to declare war
- Synonym: wypowiadać wojnę
- (intransitive, Middle Polish) to strike back, to resist (to push back against an attack or assault)
Conjugation
[edit]Related terms
[edit]adjective
phrase
verbs
- echo odpowiada impf, echo odpowiedziało pf
- nie odpowiadać za siebie impf
Related terms
[edit]adverbs
nouns
verbs
- powiedzieć pf, powiadać impf
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), odpowiadać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 24 times in essays, 19 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 89 times, making it the 713th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “odpowiadać”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego[5] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- “odpowiadać”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN[6] (in Polish)
- Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “odpowiedać, odpowiadać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ODPOWIEDAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.02.2009
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “odpowiadać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “odpowiadać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “odpowiadać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 640
- odpowiadać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Categories:
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-
- Old Polish terms prefixed with od-
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *éti
- Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish verbs
- Old Polish imperfective verbs
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- zlw-opl:Law
- Masovia Old Polish
- Greater Poland Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *éti
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms prefixed with od-
- Polish 4-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/adat͡ɕ
- Rhymes:Polish/adat͡ɕ/4 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish transitive verbs
- Polish intransitive verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Northern Borderlands Polish
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- pl:Law