reddo

See also: reddò

Italian

Verb

reddo

1. first-person singular present indicative of reddere

Japanese

Romanization

reddo

1. Rōmaji transcription of レッド

Latin

Alternative forms

• rendō (Late Latin)

Etymology

From re- +‎ dō (“give”). The double -dd- is a remnant of the reduplication that was lost in the base verb.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈred.doː/, [ˈrɛd̪ːoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈred.do/, [ˈrɛd̪ːo]

Verb

reddō (present infinitive reddere, perfect active reddidī, supine redditum); third conjugation

1. to give back, return, restore

   Synonym: remittō

   Antonyms: recipiō, reciperō, revocō

   • Suetonius, De vita Caesarum:

     Quintili Vare, legiones redde!

     O Quintilius Varus! Give [me] back [my] legions!

2. to give up, hand over, deliver, render, provide, assign

   Synonyms: dēserō, relinquō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēstituō, dēficiō, oblīvīscor, cēdō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, remittō, permittō, tribuō

3. to surrender, relinquish, deliver, yield, resign

   Synonyms: dēdō, addīcō, concēdō, dēcēdō, committō, remittō, trādō, tribuō, dēferō, dō, cēdō, permittō

4. to give or pay back; take revenge for, punish, inflict vengeance for
5. to repeat, declare, report, narrate, recite, rehearse
6. to represent, imitate, express, resemble
7. to make something look in a certain way, make or cause a thing to be or appear something or somehow, render

   Synonyms: dō, afferō

   • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 5.3.59–63:

     DĒMEA. Ego istuc vīderō,
     atque ibi favīllae plēna, fūmī ac pollinis
     coquendō sit faxō et molendō. Praeter haec
     merīdiē ipsō faciam ut stipulam colligat.
     Tam excoctam reddam atque ātram quam carbō est.

     DEMEA. I'll see to that,
     and full of soot, smoke and flour
     from the cooking and grinding I'll make her. And, besides that,
     I'll make her collect the straw at noon.
     I'll render her as burnt and black as coal.

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 2.3.14–16:

     […] Hīc reddēs omnia
     quae nunc sunt certa eī cōnsilia incerta ut sient,
     sine omnī periclō. […]

     Here you make all those plans which are now certain to him seem uncertain, without any risk.

8. to return in profit
   • Martial 2.38:

     Quid mihi reddat ager quaeris, Line, Nōmentānus?
     Hoc mihi reddit ager: tē, Line, nōn videō!

     You ask, Linus, what profit the field in Nomentum might return to me?
     This, Linus, [is what] the field gives back to me: not having to see you!

   Vestis virum reddit.

   The clothes profit the man.

Conjugation

Conjugation of reddō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	reddō	reddis	reddit	reddimus	redditis	reddunt
	imperfect	reddēbam	reddēbās	reddēbat	reddēbāmus	reddēbātis	reddēbant
	future	reddam	reddēs	reddet	reddēmus	reddētis	reddent
	perfect	reddidī	reddidistī	reddidit	reddidimus	reddidistis	reddidērunt, reddidēre
	pluperfect	reddideram	reddiderās	reddiderat	reddiderāmus	reddiderātis	reddiderant
	future perfect	reddiderō	reddideris	reddiderit	reddiderimus	reddideritis	reddiderint
passive	present	reddor	redderis, reddere	redditur	reddimur	reddiminī	redduntur
	imperfect	reddēbar	reddēbāris, reddēbāre	reddēbātur	reddēbāmur	reddēbāminī	reddēbantur
	future	reddar	reddēris, reddēre	reddētur	reddēmur	reddēminī	reddentur
	perfect	redditus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	redditus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	redditus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	reddam	reddās	reddat	reddāmus	reddātis	reddant
	imperfect	redderem	redderēs	redderet	redderēmus	redderētis	redderent
	perfect	reddiderim	reddiderīs	reddiderit	reddiderīmus	reddiderītis	reddiderint
	pluperfect	reddidissem	reddidissēs	reddidisset	reddidissēmus	reddidissētis	reddidissent
passive	present	reddar	reddāris, reddāre	reddātur	reddāmur	reddāminī	reddantur
	imperfect	redderer	redderēris, redderēre	redderētur	redderēmur	redderēminī	redderentur
	perfect	redditus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	redditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	redde	—	—	reddite	—
	future	—	redditō	redditō	—	redditōte	redduntō
passive	present	—	reddere	—	—	reddiminī	—
	future	—	redditor	redditor	—	—	redduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		reddere	reddidisse	redditūrum esse	reddī	redditum esse	redditum īrī
participles		reddēns	—	redditūrus	—	redditus	reddendus, reddundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		reddendī	reddendō	reddendum	reddendō	redditum	redditū

Notes

For the 1st person singular future active an old form reddĭbō is attested, which is the regular product of *reddăbō undergoing vowel weakening.

Derived terms

• redditiō
• redditor
• redditus

Descendants

(See also rendō.)

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: reddere (archaic)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: retre
  • Ladin: retër
  • Old French: retdrae (only in the Passion)
  • Old Occitan: redre, retre
    • Occitan: rèdre

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “rĕddĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 175

Further reading

• “reddo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “reddo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• reddo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to die a natural death: debitum naturae reddere (Nep. Reg. 1)
    
  • to (richly) recompense a kindness or service: beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate)
    
  • to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
    
  • to speak, utter a sound: vocem mittere (sonitum reddere of things)
    
  • to render something into Latin: aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermone latino interpretari
    
  • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
    
  • to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger): epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4)
    
  • to deliver a letter dated September 21st: litteras reddere datas a. d. Kal. X. Octob.
    
  • to make a person suspected: aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere
    
  • to accomplish, pay a vow: vota solvere, persolvere, reddere
    
  • to render count of a matter; to pass it for audit: rationem alicuius rei reddere
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
    
  • to gain a weak case by clever pleading: causam inferiorem dicendo reddere superiorem (λόγον κρείττω ποιειν) (Brut. 8. 30)
    
  • to make restitution: res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11)
    
  • to restore prisoners without ransom: captivos sine pretio reddere