ēst

See also: est, Est, EST, êst, -est, est., and Est.

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognates include Lithuanian ė́sti (“to eat (of animals), to swallow, to gobble”), Old Prussian īst (< *ēst), īstwei, Sudovian ezd ([ēzd]) (< *ēst), Proto-Slavic *ěsti (whence Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti), Russian есть (jestʹ), Belarusian е́сці (jésci), Ukrainian ї́сти (jísty), Bulgarian ям (jam), Czech jíst, Polish jeść), Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan), 𐌰𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰 (afētja, “eater”), Old Norse eta, German essen, English eat, Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ed-⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠ad-⁠/), Sanskrit अत्ति (atti, “he eats”) (first-person singular present tense अद्मि (admi, “I eat”)), Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō), Latin edō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ̂ːst]

Verb

ēst (transitive, 1st conjugation, present ēdu, ēd, ēd, past ēdu)

1. to eat (to take food into one's mouth in order to chew and swallow it)

   ēst maizi, gaļu ― to eat bread, meat

   ēst kartupeļus, zupu ― to eat potatoes, soup

   aicināt ēst ― to invite to eat

   man gribas ēst ― I want to eat (= I am hungry)

   pat saldējumu viņa ēda pavisam savādāk nekā citas meitenes ― even ice cream she ate quite differently from the other girls

   pie galda sasēdušies, visi ēda klusu ― having sat at the table, they all ate silently

2. to eat, to have (to consume a meal)

   ēst brokastis, pusdienas ― to have breakfast, lunch

   ēst launagu ― to have a snack

   viņi varēja iet rotaļas... un pēcāk visi kopā ēst vakariņas ― they could go play... and later on all together have dinner

3. (colloquial, of insects) to sting, to bite

   kad saules karstums kļuva neciešams, dunduri un odi ēda viņu kailās muguras ― when the sun heat became unbearable, the horseflies and mosquitoes ate their naked backs

4. (of pests) to eat, to kill, to destroy

   dārzā spradži ēda kapostus nost ― in the garden, the flea-beetles ate the cabbages away

5. (colloquial, of chemical or mechanical processes) to eat, to destroy; to make disappear

   rūsa ēd dzelzi ― rust eats iron

   skābe ēd metālu ― acid eats metal

   saule Bišudruvu dārzā un sētā ēda un kausēja sniegu dienās, migla siltajās naktīs ― in the garden and backyard of the Bišudruvu (family), the sun ate and melted the snow during the day, and the fog (did the same) in the warm nights

6. (colloquial) to nag, to harass, to criticize constantly, to cause pain to

   labi, ka virtuvē nebija saimnieces; tā viņu vienmēr ēda kā par veco kannu, kā par sarūsējušo mazgājamo bļodu ― good that the landlady was not in the kitchen; she always nagged/harassed (lit ate) him like an old pot, like a rusty wash basin

   māte gan prot sabojāt garastāvokli... ko viņa mani nav ēdusi šo nelaimīgu matu dēļ! ― mother really knows how to spoil the mood... what (= how often) hasn't she nagged/harassed me about that damn hair!

Conjugation

conjugation of ēst

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	ēdu	ēdu	ēdīšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	ēd	ēdi	ēdīsi	ēd
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	ēd	ēda	ēdīs	lai ēd
1st pers. pl.	mēs	ēdam	ēdām	ēdīsim	ēdīsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	ēdat	ēdāt	ēdīsiet, ēdīsit	ēdiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	ēd	ēda	ēdīs	lai ēd
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	ēdot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		ēdošs
Past	esot ēdis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		ēzdams
Future	ēdīšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		ēdot
Imperative	lai ēdot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		ēdam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		ēdis
Present	ēstu		Present Passive		ēdams
Past	būtu ēdis		Past Passive		ēsts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāēd		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		ēst
Conjunctive 1	esot jāēd		Negative Infinitive		neēst
Conjunctive 2	jāēdot		Verbal noun		ēšana

Synonyms

• (of "sting", "bite"): dzelt, kost

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aizēst
• apēst
• ieēst
• izēst
• noēst
• paēst
• pieēst
• saēst
• uzēst

other derived terms:

• ēdājs, ēdāja
• ēdiens, ēdienkarte, ēdienreize
• ēdināt
• ēdnīca

Related terms

• ēsma

See also

• dzert