山水

Chinese

		mountain; hill	water; river
simp. and trad. (山水)		山	水

Etymology

(Senses 1 and 2) dvandva of 山 (shān, “mountain”) + 水 (shuǐ, “water”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shānshuǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ seoi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-súi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): san-súi / soaⁿ-chúi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ zui²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shānshuǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄕㄨㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shanshuěi
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹-shui³
    • Yale: shān-shwěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanshoei
    • Palladius: шаньшуй (šanʹšuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan¹ seoi²
    • Yale: sāan séui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ soey²
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ sêu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-súi
    • Hakka Romanization System: san´ sui`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ sui³
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ su̯i³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-súi
    • Tâi-lô: san-suí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sansuie
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /san³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chúi
    • Tâi-lô: suann-tsuí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoazuie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suan¹ zui²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tsúi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: srean sywijX

Rime
Character	山	水
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所閒切	式軌切
Baxter	srean	sywijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/ɕˠiuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/ɕʷᵚiX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/ɕiuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/ɕjwiX/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/ɕjuiX/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/ɕwiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/ɕwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shuǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan1	seoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar  s.turʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn  qʰʷljilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	水
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shuǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ sywijX ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
English	mountain, hill	water; river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	水
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	11948
Phonetic component	山	水
Rime group	元	脂
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	山	水
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*qʰʷljilʔ/

Noun

山水

1. (literally) mountains and water bodies
2. (figuratively) scenery; landscape; view
3. water from a mountain
4. (art, painting) Short for 山水畫／山水画 (shānshuǐhuà, “Chinese landscape painting”).

Synonyms

• (landscape):

• 光景 (guāngjǐng)
• 勝景／胜景 (shèngjǐng) (wonderful scenery)
• 勝概／胜概 (shènggài) (beautiful scenery, literary)
• 山川 (shānchuān) (figurative)
• 春景 (chūnjǐng) (spring scenery)
• 春色 (chūnsè) (spring scenery)
• 景物 (jǐngwù)
• 景致 (jǐngzhì)
• 景色 (jǐngsè)
• 景觀／景观 (jǐngguān)
• 景象 (jǐngxiàng) (literary)
• 氣象／气象 (qìxiàng) (literary)
• 秀色 (xiùsè) (beautiful scenery)
• 秋景 (qiūjǐng) (autumn scenery)
• 秋色 (qiūsè) (autumn scenery)
• 美景 (měijǐng) (beautiful scenery)
• 雨景 (yǔjǐng) (rainy scene)
• 風光／风光
• 風景／风景 (fēngjǐng)
• 風物／风物 (fēngwù)
• 風貌／风貌 (fēngmào)

 

Derived terms

• 山水園／山水园 (shānshuǐyuán)
• 山水畫／山水画 (shānshuǐhuà)
• 潑墨山水／泼墨山水
• 破墨山水
• 金碧山水
• 青綠山水／青绿山水 (qīnglǜ shānshuǐ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (山水):

• → Japanese: 山水(さんすい) (sansui)
• → Korean: 산수(山水) (sansu)
• → Vietnamese: sơn thuỷ (山水)

See also

• 江山 (jiāngshān)
• 山河 (shānhé)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
山	水
さん Grade: 1	すい Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​んすい [sáꜜǹsùì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) さんすい [sàńsúí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɰ̃sɨᵝi]

Noun

山(さん)水(すい) • (sansui) 

1. landscape; hills and rivers

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	水

Noun

山水 • (sansu) (hangeul 산수)

1. Hanja form^? of 산수.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	水

Noun

山水

1. chữ Hán form of sơn thuỷ (“landscape”).