куда

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Related to dialectal ку́да се (kúda se, “to gratify”). Further origin disputed:

• Mladenov: Collective noun from Proto-Slavic *ku- (“pile, stack”) + *-da, akin to Bulgarian куп (kup, “pile, heap”), Russian ку́ча (kúča, “id.”).
• Georgiev (БЕР): Postverbal from ку́дя (kúdja, “to prosecute”) +‎ -а (-a), originally meaning “mob, gang, crowd” with negative connotation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkudɐ]

Noun

ку́да • (kúda) f (diminutive ку́дица) (dialectal)

1. (Eastern dialects) group, ensemble, fellowship

   Synonyms: дружи́на (družína), гру́па (grúpa)

   ку́да рабо́тници ― kúda rabótnici ― working group, group of workers

2. (Rhodopian dialects) flock, swarm

   Synonym: я́то (játo)

   ку́да пти́ци ― kúda ptíci ― flock of birds

3. (Upper Shop dialects) caroling choir

   Synonym: коледа́рска дружи́на (koledárska družína)

Declension

Declension of ку́да

	singular	plural
indefinite	ку́да kúda	ку́ди kúdi
definite	ку́дата kúdata	ку́дите kúdite

Derived terms

• уку́двам се (ukúdvam se, “to associate with”)
• ку́дя (kúdja, “to associate; to kiss”)
• ку́даджия (kúdadžija, “lead of caroling choir”) (diaelctal)

References

• “куда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “куда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 75
• Nayden Gerov (1897), “ку́да”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 428

Etymology 2

Likely related to the noun. According to Georgiev (БЕР), the secondary meaning “to tend, to protect” follows from an earlier “to befriend”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkudɐ]

Verb

ку́да • (kúda) impf (perfective ку́дна) (dialectal)

1. (transitive, obsolete) to associate with, to form relationship
2. (transitive, in Strandzha, by extension) to tend, to protect, to heed
3. (transitive, by extension) to kiss platonically, to osculate
4. (reflexive with се) to express appreciation towards (usually + с (s, “with”))

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ку́да (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ку́дещ kúdešt	кул kul	ку́дел kúdel	ку́ден kúden		ку́дейки kúdejki
	definite subject form	ку́дещият kúdeštijat	ку́лият kúlijat	—	ку́деният kúdenijat
	definite object form	ку́дещия kúdeštija	ку́лия kúlija	—	ку́дения kúdenija
feminine	indefinite	ку́деща kúdešta	ку́ла kúla	ку́дела kúdela	ку́дена kúdena
	definite	ку́дещата kúdeštata	ку́лата kúlata	—	ку́дената kúdenata
neuter	indefinite	ку́дещо kúdešto	ку́ло kúlo	ку́дело kúdelo	ку́дено kúdeno	ку́дене kúdene
	definite	ку́дещото kúdeštoto	ку́лото kúloto	—	ку́деното kúdenoto	ку́денето kúdeneto
plural	indefinite	ку́дещи kúdešti	ку́ли kúli	ку́дели kúdeli	ку́дени kúdeni	ку́дения, ку́денета kúdenija, kúdeneta
	definite	ку́дещите kúdeštite	ку́лите kúlite	—	ку́дените kúdenite	ку́денията, ку́денетата kúdenijata, kúdenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ку́да kúda	ку́деш kúdeš	ку́де kúde	ку́дем kúdem	ку́дете kúdete	ку́дат kúdat
imperfect		ку́дех kúdeh	ку́деше kúdeše	ку́деше kúdeše	ку́дехме kúdehme	ку́дехте kúdehte	ку́деха kúdeha
aorist		ку́дох kúdoh	ку́де kúde	ку́де kúde	ку́дохме kúdohme	ку́дохте kúdohte	ку́доха kúdoha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ку́дел m, ку́дела f, ку́дело n, or ку́дели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and кул m, ку́ла f, ку́ло n, or ку́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			куди́ kudí			куде́те kudéte

Alternative forms

• ку́дем (kúdem) — dialectal, with athematic endings
• ку́дя (kúdja) — iterative, i-conjugation

Related terms

• ку́тя (kútja, “to tend, to look after a child”) (dialectal)

See also

• целу́вам (celúvam, “to kiss romantically”)

References

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кудя², куда, кудем; кудя³ (куде)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 77

Erzya

Etymology

Borrowed from Tatar кода (qoda).

Noun

куда • (kuda)

1. male matchmaker, go-between

Derived terms

• кудава (kudava)

Russian

Alternative forms

• куды́ (kudý) — dialectal

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʊˈda]

• Audio

  (file)

Adverb

куда́ • (kudá)

1. (to) where?

   Куда́ идёшь? ― Kudá idjóšʹ? ― Where are you going?

2. why?

   Куда́ така́я спе́шка? ― Kudá takája spéška? ― Why the rush?

3. (colloquial, in a comparison) much (more), a lot (more)

   Synonyms: гора́здо (gorázdo), намно́го (namnógo)

Derived terms

• куда́-либо (kudá-libo)
• куда́-нибудь (kudá-nibudʹ)
• куда́-то (kudá-to)
• не́куда (nékuda)
• отку́да (otkúda)
• доку́да (dokúda)
• никуды́шный (nikudýšnyj)

Related terms

Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷe-‎ (0 c, 10 e)

See also

• туда́ (tudá)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.

Adverb

ку̀да (Latin spelling kùda)

1. which way, in what direction

   Куда си ишао?

   Which way did you go?

Conjunction

куда (Latin spelling kuda)

1. which way, in what direction