тура

See also: Тура, түрә, and Appendix:Variations of "tura"

Bashkir

Etymology

From *toğra (“direct; correct”). (See the immediate cognates below.) No consensus exists on the further derivation.

Cognate with Kazakh тура (tura, “straight, direct; just”), Kyrgyz туура (tuura, “straight”), Uyghur توغرا (toghra, “straight”); Kumyk тувра (tuwra, “straight”), perhaps also Southern Altai туура (tuura, “width”), Tuvan доора (doora, “transverse; indirect”), Yakut туора (tuora, “transverse; aside”).

Note that a parallel archetype form *toğru should be reconstructed to accommodate many other cognates, including Old Uyghur [script needed] (toγru, “correct, direct”), Uzbek to'g'ri (“correct”), Bashkir тоғро (toğro, “loyal”), Turkish doğru (“correct”), etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [to.ˈɾɑ]
• Hyphenation: ту‧ра

Adjective

тура • (tura)

1. straight

   Тура һыҙыҡ.

   Tura hıźıq.

   A straight line.

2. direct

   Тура поезд.

   Tura poyezd.

   Direct train.

   Тура бәйләнеш.

   Tura bəyləneş.

   Direct communication line.

3. (geometry, of an angle) 90 degrees, right

   Тура мөйөш.

   Tura möyöş.

   Right angle.

4. (radio, TV, online broadcast) live, on air

Synonyms

• (straight) тапҡыр (tapqır)

Kazakh

Alternative scripts

Arabic	تۋرا
Cyrillic	тура
Latin	tura

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *togru. Cognate with Bashkir тура (tura, “straight, direct”), Kyrgyz туура (tuura, “straight”), Uyghur توغرا (toghra, “straight”); perhaps also Southern Altai туура (tuura, “width”), Tuvan доора (doora, “transverse; indirect”), Yakut туора (tuora, “transverse; aside”), etc.

Adjective

тура • (tura)

1. straight, upright, direct
2. just, fair, true

Adverb

тура • (tura)

1. straightly
2. fairly, justly

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. case, affair, circumstance

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian тура (tura), from French tour, from Latin turris (“tower; rook”).

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. (chess) rook, castle

Declension

Declension of тура

	singular	plural
nominative	тура (tura)	туралар (turalar)
genitive	тураның (turanyñ)	туралардың (turalardyñ)
dative	тураға (turağa)	тураларға (turalarğa)
accusative	тураны (turany)	тураларды (turalardy)
locative	турада (turada)	тураларда (turalarda)
ablative	турадан (turadan)	туралардан (turalardan)
instrumental	турамен (turamen)	туралармен (turalarmen)
similative	турадай (turadai)	туралардай (turalardai)

Etymology 3

Verb

тура • (tura)

1. active imperative of турау (turau)

See also

Chess pieces in Kazakh · шахмат тастары (şaxmat tastary) (layout · text)
патша (patşa)	уәзір (uäzır), патшайым (patşaiym)	тура (tura)	піл (pıl)	ат (at)	пешка (peşka), сарбаз (sarbaz)

Khakas

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Russian ᲅꙋра (tura, “tower, castle”), from Middle French tour (“tower”), from Old French tor (“tower”), from Latin turrim, accusative of turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), alternant of τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”).

Compare Shor тура (tura, “city, town”), Southern Altai тура (tura, “house; city, town”), Northern Altai тора (tora, “house; city, town”), Siberian Tatar тора (“city, town”), Tatar тора (tora, “temple; city, town”); Buryat тура (tura, “house; city, town”) (dialectal), Classical Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢᠩ (bayising, “house; Russian fortress”), etc

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu̞.rɐ/
• Hyphenation: ту‧ра

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. house

   Synonym: иб (ib)

2. (historical) city, town

   Том тура ― Tom tura ― Tomsk

   Аба тура ― Aba tura ― Kuznetsk (predecessor of Novokuznetsk)

Declension

Declension of тура

	singular	plural
nominative	тура (tura)	туралар (turalar)
genitive	тураның (turanıñ)	тураларның (turalarnıñ)
dative	тураа (turaa)	тураларға (turalarğa)
accusative	тураны (turanı)	тураларны (turalarnı)
locative	турада (turada)	тураларда (turalarda)
ablative	турадаң (turadañ)	туралардаң (turalardañ)
lative	туразар (turazar)	тураларзар (turalarzar)
instrumental	туранаң (turanañ)	тураларнаң (turalarnañ)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tu̞.rɐ/
• Hyphenation: ту‧ра

Verb

тура • (tura)

1. imperfective converb of турарға (turarğa, “to stand”)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtuɾa]
• Rhymes: -uɾa

Noun

тура • (tura) f

1. round (e.g. first round)
2. tour

Declension

Declension of тура

	singular	plural
indefinite	тура (tura)	тури (turi)
definite unspecified	турата (turata)	турите (turite)
definite proximal	турава (turava)	туриве (turive)
definite distal	турана (turana)	турине (turine)
vocative	туро (turo)	тури (turi)

Verb

тура • (tura) third-singular present, impf (perfective тури)

1. (transitive) to pour
2. (transitive, colloquial) to put, place

Conjugation

Conjugation of тура (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	турал (tural)	—	adjectival participle	туран (turan)
feminine	турала (turala)	—	adverbial participle	турајќи (turajḱi)
neuter	турало (turalo)	—	verbal noun	турање (turanje)
plural	турале (turale)	—	perfect participle	турано (turano)
finite forms	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	турам (turam)	турав (turav)	—	—
2nd singular	тураш (turaš)	тураше (turaše)	—	турај (turaj)
3rd singular	тура (tura)	тураше (turaše)	—	—
1st plural	тураме (turame)	туравме (turavme)	—	—
2nd plural	турате (turate)	туравте (turavte)	—	турајте (turajte)
3rd plural	тураат (turaat)	тураа (turaa)	—	—
compound tenses
perfect	сум турал (sum tural)		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам турано (imam turano)		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев турал (bev tural)		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав турано (imav turano)		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал турано (sum imal turano)		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе турам (ḱe turam)		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам турано (ḱe imam turano)		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе турав (ḱe turav)		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав турано (ḱe imav turano)		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум турал (ḱe sum tural)		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал турано (ḱe sum imal turano)		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би турал (bi tural)		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал турано (bi imal turano)		conditional of има + perfect participle

Northern Altai

Etymology

From obsolete Russian тура́ f inan (turá, “tower, castle”). Cognate to Shor тура (tura), Khakas тура (tura).

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. house, city

References

• L. M. Tukmačev, editor (1995), “тура”, in Kumandinsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Kumandy-Russian Dictionary], Biysk: Kandidat filologičeskix nauk, Izdatelʹstvo bijskij kotelʹščik, →ISBN, page 89

Russian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French tour, from Latin turris (“tower; rook”) (whence also English tower, English turret). Doublet of туре́ль (turélʹ).

Compare also Ukrainian тура (tura).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʊˈra]

Noun

тура́ • (turá) f inan (genitive туры́, nominative plural туры́, genitive plural тур)

1. (chess, informal) rook, castle
2. (obsolete) tower

Declension

Declension of тура́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	тура́ turá	туры́ turý
genitive	туры́ turý	ту́р túr
dative	туре́ turé	тура́м turám
accusative	туру́ turú	туры́ turý
instrumental	туро́й, туро́ю turój, turóju	тура́ми turámi
prepositional	туре́ turé	тура́х turáx

Pre-reform declension of тура́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	тура́ turá	туры́ turý
genitive	туры́ turý	ту́ръ túr
dative	турѣ́ turě́	тура́мъ turám
accusative	туру́ turú	туры́ turý
instrumental	туро́й, туро́ю turój, turóju	тура́ми turámi
prepositional	турѣ́ turě́	тура́хъ turáx

Synonyms

• (chess rook): Л (L) (abbreviation), ладья́ (ladʹjá) (formal)

Descendants

• → Kazakh: тура (tura)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “тура”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈturə]

Noun

ту́ра • (túra) m inan or m anim

1. inflection of тур (tur):
   1. genitive singular
   2. animate accusative singular

Further reading

• Kuznetsov, Sergey Alexandrovich (1998), “тура”, in Большой толковый словарь русского языка [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Norint, →ISBN

Shor

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰuˈra/

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. city, town

Southern Altai

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Russian ᲅꙋра (tura, “tower, castle”), from Middle French tour (“tower”), from Old French tor (“tower”), from Latin turrim, accusative of turris (“tower”), from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis), alternant of τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”).

Compare also Siberian Tatar тора (“city, town”), Tatar тора (tora, “tempe; city, town”); Shor тура (tura, “city, town”), Khakas тура (tura, “house; city, town”), Buryat тура (tura, “house; city, town”), etc

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʊ.rɑ]
• Hyphenation: ту‧ра

Noun

тура • (tura)

1. house
2. city, town

   Ойрот-Тура ― Oyrot-Tura ― Oirot-Tura, former name of Gorno-Altaisk (literally, “Oirot City”)

Declension

Inflection of тура

	singular	plural
absolute	тура (tura)	туралар (turalar)
definite genitive	тураныҥ (turanïŋ)	туралардыҥ (turalardïŋ)
dative	турага (turaga)	тураларга (turalarga)
definite accusative	тураны (turanï)	тураларды (turalardï)
locative	турада (turada)	тураларда (turalarda)
ablative	турадаҥ (turadaŋ)	туралардаҥ (turalardaŋ)

References

• N. A. Baskakov, Toščakova N.A, editor (1947), “тура”, in Ojrotsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Oyrot-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: M.: OGIZ, →ISBN
• Altay (Алтай Тили)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tʊˈra]

Noun

тура́ • (turá) f inan (genitive тури́, nominative plural ту́ри, genitive plural тур, relational adjective туро́вий)

1. (chess) rook

Declension

Declension of тура́
(inan hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular	plural
nominative	тура́ turá	ту́ри túry
genitive	тури́ turý	тур tur
dative	турі́ turí	ту́рам túram
accusative	туру́ turú	ту́ри túry
instrumental	туро́ю turóju	ту́рами túramy
locative	турі́ turí	ту́рах túrax
vocative	ту́ро túro	ту́ри túry

See also

Chess pieces in Ukrainian · шахові фігури (šaxovi fihury) (layout · text)
король (korolʹ)	ферзь (ferzʹ)	тура (tura)	слон (slon)	кінь (kinʹ)	пішак (pišak)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “тура”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka