جر

See also: جز, حر, خر, خز, چر, and جڑ

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root ج ر ر (j-r-r).

Verb

جَرَّ • (jarra) I, non-past يَجُرُّ‎ (yajurru)

1. to pull, to draw, to drag, to attract
2. to extend, to stretch
3. to abstract, to rob
4. to bring about, to cause
5. to drive slowly (livestock)
6. to pasture freely (livestock)
7. (horse, army, etc.) to furrow (the ground)
8. to commit a crime or offense
9. (pregnant woman, etc.) to bear beyond the usual time
10. to wean the foal of a camel (by splitting its tongue)
11. to put a word in the oblique or genitive case
12. to pronounce the kasra at the end of a word
13. to use the rein

Conjugation

Conjugation of

جَرَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun جَرّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَرّ jarr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَارّ jārr
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْرُور majrūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَرَرْتُ jarartu	جَرَرْتَ jararta	جَرَّ jarra		جَرَرْتُمَا jarartumā	جَرَّا jarrā		جَرَرْنَا jararnā	جَرَرْتُمْ jarartum	جَرُّوا jarrū
	f		جَرَرْتِ jararti	جَرَّتْ jarrat			جَرَّتَا jarratā			جَرَرْتُنَّ jarartunna	جَرَرْنَ jararna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجُرُّ ʔajurru	تَجُرُّ tajurru	يَجُرُّ yajurru		تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni	يَجُرَّانِ yajurrāni		نَجُرُّ najurru	تَجُرُّونَ tajurrūna	يَجُرُّونَ yajurrūna
	f		تَجُرِّينَ tajurrīna	تَجُرُّ tajurru			تَجُرَّانِ tajurrāni			تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna	يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجُرَّ ʔajurra	تَجُرَّ tajurra	يَجُرَّ yajurra		تَجُرَّا tajurrā	يَجُرَّا yajurrā		نَجُرَّ najurra	تَجُرُّوا tajurrū	يَجُرُّوا yajurrū
	f		تَجُرِّي tajurrī	تَجُرَّ tajurra			تَجُرَّا tajurrā			تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna	يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجُرَّ or أَجُرِّ or أَجْرُرْ ʔajurra or ʔajurri or ʔajrur	تَجُرَّ or تَجُرِّ or تَجْرُرْ tajurra or tajurri or tajrur	يَجُرَّ or يَجُرِّ or يَجْرُرْ yajurra or yajurri or yajrur		تَجُرَّا tajurrā	يَجُرَّا yajurrā		نَجُرَّ or نَجُرِّ or نَجْرُرْ najurra or najurri or najrur	تَجُرُّوا tajurrū	يَجُرُّوا yajurrū
	f		تَجُرِّي tajurrī	تَجُرَّ or تَجُرِّ or تَجْرُرْ tajurra or tajurri or tajrur			تَجُرَّا tajurrā			تَجْرُرْنَ tajrurna	يَجْرُرْنَ yajrurna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		جُرَّ or جُرِّ or اُجْرُرْ jurra or jurri or ujrur			جُرَّا jurrā				جُرُّوا jurrū
	f		جُرِّي jurrī							اُجْرُرْنَ ujrurna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُرِرْتُ jurirtu	جُرِرْتَ jurirta	جُرَّ jurra		جُرِرْتُمَا jurirtumā	جُرَّا jurrā		جُرِرْنَا jurirnā	جُرِرْتُمْ jurirtum	جُرُّوا jurrū
	f		جُرِرْتِ jurirti	جُرَّتْ jurrat			جُرَّتَا jurratā			جُرِرْتُنَّ jurirtunna	جُرِرْنَ jurirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجَرُّ ʔujarru	تُجَرُّ tujarru	يُجَرُّ yujarru		تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni	يُجَرَّانِ yujarrāni		نُجَرُّ nujarru	تُجَرُّونَ tujarrūna	يُجَرُّونَ yujarrūna
	f		تُجَرِّينَ tujarrīna	تُجَرُّ tujarru			تُجَرَّانِ tujarrāni			تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna	يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجَرَّ ʔujarra	تُجَرَّ tujarra	يُجَرَّ yujarra		تُجَرَّا tujarrā	يُجَرَّا yujarrā		نُجَرَّ nujarra	تُجَرُّوا tujarrū	يُجَرُّوا yujarrū
	f		تُجَرِّي tujarrī	تُجَرَّ tujarra			تُجَرَّا tujarrā			تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna	يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجَرَّ or أُجَرِّ or أُجْرَرْ ʔujarra or ʔujarri or ʔujrar	تُجَرَّ or تُجَرِّ or تُجْرَرْ tujarra or tujarri or tujrar	يُجَرَّ or يُجَرِّ or يُجْرَرْ yujarra or yujarri or yujrar		تُجَرَّا tujarrā	يُجَرَّا yujarrā		نُجَرَّ or نُجَرِّ or نُجْرَرْ nujarra or nujarri or nujrar	تُجَرُّوا tujarrū	يُجَرُّوا yujarrū
	f		تُجَرِّي tujarrī	تُجَرَّ or تُجَرِّ or تُجْرَرْ tujarra or tujarri or tujrar			تُجَرَّا tujarrā			تُجْرَرْنَ tujrarna	يُجْرَرْنَ yujrarna

Synonyms

• (grammar): خَفَضَ (ḵafaḍa)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun

جَرّ • (jarr) m (plural جِرَار (jirār))

1. verbal noun of جَرَّ (jarra, “to pull”) (form I)
2. pulling, pull, drawing, draft
3. dragging, drag, towage, hauling
4. stretching, lengthening, extending
5. bringing on, causing
6. (grammar) oblique case, genitive case
7. (grammar) pronunciation of the final consonant with -i
8. foot of a mountain
9. valley
10. cave

Declension

Declension of noun جَرّ (jarr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَرّ jarr	الْجَرّ al-jarr	جَرّ jarr
Nominative	جَرٌّ jarrun	الْجَرُّ al-jarru	جَرُّ jarru
Accusative	جَرًّا jarran	الْجَرَّ al-jarra	جَرَّ jarra
Genitive	جَرٍّ jarrin	الْجَرِّ al-jarri	جَرِّ jarri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَرَّيْن jarrayn	الْجَرَّيْن al-jarrayn	جَرَّيْ jarray
Nominative	جَرَّانِ jarrāni	الْجَرَّانِ al-jarrāni	جَرَّا jarrā
Accusative	جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni	الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni	جَرَّيْ jarray
Genitive	جَرَّيْنِ jarrayni	الْجَرَّيْنِ al-jarrayni	جَرَّيْ jarray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جِرَار jirār	الْجِرَار al-jirār	جِرَار jirār
Nominative	جِرَارٌ jirārun	الْجِرَارُ al-jirāru	جِرَارُ jirāru
Accusative	جِرَارًا jirāran	الْجِرَارَ al-jirāra	جِرَارَ jirāra
Genitive	جِرَارٍ jirārin	الْجِرَارِ al-jirāri	جِرَارِ jirāri

Synonyms

• (grammar): خَفْض (ḵafḍ)

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Verb

جُرْ • (jur) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of جَارَ (jāra)

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Baluchi

Noun

جر • (jarr)

1. plant
2. vegetable
3. herb

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Persian

Etymology

Probably from , ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoh₁ro- (“gap, empty space”). Alternatively from Turkic (compare Turkish yar).

Noun

جر • (jar)

1. cleft, fissure
2. canyon, gorge