先行
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Chinese[edit]
early; prior; former early; prior; former; in advance; first |
to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; okay; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behavior; conduct; a row; profession; professional | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (先行) |
先 | 行 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
先行
Adjective[edit]
先行
Adverb[edit]
先行
- (literary) before; previously
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) in advance; beforehand
Synonyms[edit]
- (before):
Synonyms of 先行
Noun[edit]
先行
Derived terms[edit]
|
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
先 | 行 |
さき Grade: 1 |
ゆ(き) Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
先行き |
Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) + 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).[1][2][3][4]
The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.[1]
Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half.[1][2][3][4] This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
先行 or 先行 • (sakiyuki or sakiiki)
- [???] the first, the vanguard, the state of going out in front
- [from 1678] the future, prospects
- [from 1881] (finance) anticipated future movement in market prices
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
先 | 行 |
せん Grade: 1 |
こう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi | kan’on |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 先行 (MC sen ɦˠæŋ, literally “preceding + to go”).
First cited to a text from 833.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 先行権 (senkōken, “right of way”, in traffic)
- 先行詞 (senkōshi, “antecedent”, in grammar)
Verb[edit]
先行する • (senkō suru) ←せんかう (senkau)? suru (stem 先行し (senkō shi), past 先行した (senkō shita))
- [from 833] to go ahead of, to go in front of, to go first
- Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
- [from 1887] to lead, to show the way
- Synonym: 導く (michibiku)
- [from 1928] to do something ahead of something else
- Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "先行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 先行すれ | せんこうすれ | senkō sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 先行せよ¹ 先行しろ² |
せんこうせよ¹ せんこうしろ² |
senkō seyo¹ senkō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 先行される | せんこうされる | senkō sareru | |
Causative | 先行させる 先行さす |
せんこうさせる せんこうさす |
senkō saseru senkō sasu | |
Potential | 先行できる | せんこうできる | senkō dekiru | |
Volitional | 先行しよう | せんこうしよう | senkō shiyō | |
Negative | 先行しない | せんこうしない | senkō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 先行せず | せんこうせず | senkō sezu | |
Formal | 先行します | せんこうします | senkō shimasu | |
Perfective | 先行した | せんこうした | senkō shita | |
Conjunctive | 先行して | せんこうして | senkō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 先行すれば | せんこうすれば | senkō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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