刻

刻 U+2F820, 刻 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F820 ← 㓟 [U+2F81F] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 剆 → [U+2F821]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

刻 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人中弓 (YOLN), four-corner 0280₀, composition ⿰亥刂)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1970
• Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 2
• Unihan data for U+523B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		刻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
該	*kɯː
垓	*kɯː
賅	*kɯː
陔	*kɯː
豥	*kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄	*kɯː, *krɯː
郂	*kɯː
姟	*kɯː
絯	*kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐	*kɯː
峐	*kɯː
侅	*kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲	*kɯː
頦	*kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒	*kʰɯː
輆	*kʰɯːʔ
欬	*kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋	*ŋɡɯːɡs
閡	*ŋɡɯːɡs
咳	*qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩	*ɡɯː
亥	*ɡɯːʔ
劾	*ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎	*krɯː
烗	*kʰrɯːɡs
骸	*ɡrɯː
駭	*ɡrɯːʔ
刻	*kʰɯːɡ
餩	*qɯːɡ
核	*ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 刀.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kè, kē

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ, ㄎㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hak¹ / haak¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khat / khiet
• Eastern Min (BUC): káik
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiak / khek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêg⁴ / kag⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷kheq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kè
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kè
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo⁴
    • Yale: kè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kē
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ke
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo¹
    • Yale: kē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hak¹ / haak¹
    • Yale: hāk / hāak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hak⁷ / haak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: heg¹ / hag¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐk̚⁵/, /haːk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khat / khiet
    • Hakka Romanization System: kad` / kied`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kad⁵ / kiad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰat̚²/, /kʰi̯et̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: káik
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak
    • Tâi-lô: khiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek
    • Tâi-lô: khik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kêg⁴ / kag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khek / khak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰek̚²/, /kʰak̚²/

Note:

• kêg4 - literary;
• kag4 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷kheq
    • MiniDict: kheh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kheq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰəʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 刻
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kʰei²¹³/ /kʰɤ⁴⁴/ /kʰɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kʰɤ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/kʰə²¹/ /kʰei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰə⁵⁵/ /kʰe⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰɤ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰei²¹/
	Xining	/kʰɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰa¹³/ /kʰə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤ²¹³/ /kʰei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kʰe³¹/
	Guiyang	/kʰɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/kʰə³¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰəʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰe²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰeʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/kʰæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰet̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰet̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/
	Nanning	/kʰɐk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hɐk̚⁵/ /hak̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰaiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xak̚⁵/ 雕～ /xɔk̚⁵/ 一～

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• Middle Chinese: khok

Rime
Character	刻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦得切
Baxter	khok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰək̚/
Li Rong	/kʰək̚/
Wang Li	/kʰək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ke
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kè
Middle Chinese	‹ khok ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁək/
English	cut, engrave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刻
Reading #	1/1
No.	4840
Phonetic component	亥
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	刻
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 刻

1. to carve; to cut a notch; to engrave

   刻舟求劍／刻舟求剑  ―  kèzhōuqiújiàn  ―  notch the boat in search of the sword

2. to draw; to adorn
3. to cut; to scratch
4. to rigorously demand
5. to restrict; to limit
6. to damage; to prejudice
7. to engrave on one's mind
8. unkind; sarcastic; caustic
9. urgent; pressing
10. assiduous; diligent
11. moment in time

    此刻  ―  cǐkè  ―  now [lit. this moment]

12. A unit of time.
    1. (historical) 1/100 of one day; 14.4 minutes
    2. (modern) quarter of an hour; 15 minutes

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

刻

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. engrave, carve

Readings

• Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kun: きざむ (kizamu, 刻む, Jōyō); きざみ (kizami, 刻み); とき (toki, 刻)

Compounds

• 刻(こく)印(いん) (kokuin)
• 刻(こく)限(げん) (kokugen)

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Korean

Hanja

刻 (eum 각 (gak))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

刻: Hán Nôm readings: khắc, gắt, khắt, khấc, lắc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.