回顧

See also: 回顾

Chinese

		to circle; to go back; to turn around to circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; Islam	look after; take into consideration; to attend to
trad. (回顧)		回	顧
simp. (回顾)		回	顾

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huígù

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄍㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wui⁴ gu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fì-ku

  (Hailu, HRS): fui gu^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fi² gu⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hôe-kò͘ / hê-kò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huê⁵ gu³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶we-ku

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huígù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄍㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huéigù
    • Wade–Giles: hui²-ku⁴
    • Yale: hwéi-gù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hweiguh
    • Palladius: хуэйгу (xuejgu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ ku⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wui⁴ gu³
    • Yale: wùih gu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wui⁴ gu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: wui⁴ gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːi̯²¹ kuː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fì-ku
    • Hakka Romanization System: fi^ˇ gu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fi² gu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fi¹¹ ku⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fui gu^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /fui⁵⁵ ku¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fi² gu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fi¹¹ ku⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôe-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: huê-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoe'kox
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²³⁻³³ kɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue¹³⁻²² kɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hue²⁴⁻²² kɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hue²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hê-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: hê-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: he'kox
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /he²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ¹¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huê⁵ gu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huê kù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ku²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶we-ku
    • MiniDict: we^去 ku
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhue-ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦue²² ku⁴⁴/

Verb

回顧

1. to look back
2. to look back on; to recall; to review

   回顧過去／回顾过去  ―  huígù guòqù  ―  to look back (into the past)

Synonyms

• (to recall):

edit

• 回味 (huíwèi) (to recall something and ponder it)
• 回念 (huíniàn)
• 回想 (huíxiǎng)
• 回憶 / 回忆 (huíyì)
• 回溯 (huísù)
• 回首 (huíshǒu)
• 思古 (sīgǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
• 感念 (gǎnniàn) (to recall fondly)
• 感懷 / 感怀 (gǎnhuái) (to recall with emotion)
• 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
• 憶 / 忆 (yì)
• 憶想 / 忆想 (yìxiǎng)
• 懷古 / 怀古 (huáigǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
• 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
• 留戀 / 留恋 (liúliàn) (to recall with nostalgia)
• 緬想 / 缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
• 緬懷 / 缅怀 (miǎnhuái) (to cherish the memory of, especially the deceased)
• 記 / 记 (jì)
• 記得 / 记得 (jìde)
• 記憶 / 记忆 (jìyì)
• 記起 / 记起 (jìqǐ)
• 諗起 / 谂起 (nam² hei²) (Cantonese)
• 追 (literary, or in compounds)
• 追念 (zhuīniàn)
• 追思 (zhuīsī) (especially the deceased)
• 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
• 追憶 / 追忆 (zhuīyì)
• 追懷 / 追怀 (zhuīhuái)
• 遙想 / 遥想 (yáoxiǎng)

Antonyms

• 展望 (zhǎnwàng)

Derived terms

• 回顧展 / 回顾展 (huígùzhǎn)
• 學術史回顧 / 学术史回顾 (xuéshùshǐ huígù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
回	顧
かい Grade: 2	こ Grade: S
kan'on

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠iko̞]
• (Tokyo) かいこ [káꜜìkò] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

回(かい)顧(こ) • (kaiko) 

1. recollection, looking back
2. reminiscence

Verb

回(かい)顧(こ)する • (kaiko suru) transitive suru (stem 回(かい)顧(こ)し (kaiko shi), past 回(かい)顧(こ)した (kaiko shita))

1. recollect, look back
2. reminisce
   • 1937, 倉田百三, 光り合ういのち:

     私(わたし)は幼年(ようねん)のころを回顧(かいこ)して感(かん)じることは、小学校(しょうがっこう)の先生(せんせい)の公平(こうへい)ということだ。

     Watashi wa yōnen no koro o kaiko shite kanjiru koto wa, shōgakkō no sensei no kōhei to iu koto da.

     When I think back on my childhood, I remember how fair my elementary school teacher was.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "回顧する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	回顧し	かいこし	kaiko shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	回顧し	かいこし	kaiko shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	回顧する	かいこする	kaiko suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	回顧する	かいこする	kaiko suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	回顧すれ	かいこすれ	kaiko sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	回顧せよ¹ 回顧しろ²	かいこせよ¹ かいこしろ²	kaiko seyo¹ kaiko shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	回顧される	かいこされる	kaiko sareru
Causative	回顧させる 回顧さす	かいこさせる かいこさす	kaiko saseru kaiko sasu
Potential	回顧できる	かいこできる	kaiko dekiru
Volitional	回顧しよう	かいこしよう	kaiko shiyō
Negative	回顧しない	かいこしない	kaiko shinai
Negative continuative	回顧せず	かいこせず	kaiko sezu
Formal	回顧します	かいこします	kaiko shimasu
Perfective	回顧した	かいこした	kaiko shita
Conjunctive	回顧して	かいこして	kaiko shite
Hypothetical conditional	回顧すれば	かいこすれば	kaiko sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “回顧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
回	顧

Noun

回顧 • (hoego) (hangeul 회고)

1. hanja form^? of 회고 (“reminiscence; reflection (on past events); retrospection”)