囪

See also: 囱 and 匆

囪 U+56EA, 囪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56EA ← 囩 [U+56E9] CJK Unified Ideographs 囫 → [U+56EB]

Translingual

Han character

囪 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹田大大 (HWKK), four-corner 2600₀, composition ⿱丿⿴囗⿻丿㐅 or ⿱丿⿴囗⿻㐅丿)

Derived characters

• 𢭇, 𤗄, 𥓁, 𦕻, 𤴙, 𥫑, 𢍍, 𠭛
• 窗, 蔥, 聰, 憁, 熜, 璁 — in traditional Chinese (Hong Kong and Taiwan), the upper right component for these characters is written 囪 instead of 囱. Note that 悤 on its own is written with 囱 as the top component.

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 217, character 13
• Dae Jaweon: page 444, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 1, page 715, character 6
• Unihan data for U+56EA

Chinese

trad.		囪
simp.		囱*
alternative forms		熜 ancient 囱 窗 牎 𡆧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 囪
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
牎	*sʰroːŋ
窗	*sʰroːŋ
窓	*sʰroːŋ
囱	*sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ
總	*ʔsloːŋʔ
熜	*ʔsloːŋʔ
傯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
緫	*ʔsloːŋʔ
揔	*ʔsloːŋʔ
偬	*ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs
囪	*sʰloːŋ
璁	*sʰloːŋ
驄	*sʰloːŋ
蔥	*sʰloːŋ
匆	*sʰloːŋ
怱	*sʰloːŋ
葱	*sʰloːŋ
楤	*sʰloːŋ
聦	*sʰloːŋ
繱	*sʰloːŋ
騘	*sʰloːŋ
鍯	*sʰloːŋ
聰	*sʰloːŋ
愡	*sʰloːŋs
檧	*sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ
憽	*sloːŋ
幒	*sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ

Pictogram (象形)—a window closed with a shutter, or something similar.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cōng (cong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹ / tung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhûng

  (Hailu, HRS): cung^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cong¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cong
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻung¹
    • Yale: tsūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
    • Palladius: цун (cun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung¹ / tung¹
    • Yale: chūng / tūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹ / tung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹ / tung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• cung1 - literary;
• tung1 - vernacular, see 煙通／烟通 (jin1 tung1).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: cung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: cung^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: corng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cho̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: corng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong
    • Tâi-lô: tshong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshuwng

Rime
Character	囪
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉紅切
Baxter	tshuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəwŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰloːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囪
Reading #	1/1
No.	1818
Phonetic component	囱
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	怱
Old Chinese	/*sʰloːŋ/
Notes	說文囪

Definitions

囪

1. chimney, funnel

Compounds

• 煙囪 / 烟囱 (“chimney”)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 囪 – see 窗 (“window”). (This character is a variant form of 窗).

References

• “囪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “囱”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 39.

Japanese

Kanji

囪

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)
• Kun: てんまど (tenmado)、まど (mado)、けむだし (kemudashi)

Korean

Hanja

囪 • (chang, chong) (hangeul 창, 총, revised chang, chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, ch'ong)

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Vietnamese

Han character

囪: Hán Nôm readings: song, thông

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