市

See also: 帀 and 巿

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han character

市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived characters

• 伂, 姉, 㧊, 沛, 昁, 肺, 柿, 㸬, 鈰(铈), 鬧/閙(闹)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
• Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF) ("type of clothing in ancient China") which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		市

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯʔ) : semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): si⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): si⁴ / si^4*

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ
• Northern Min (KCR): chī
• Eastern Min (BUC): chê
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhī / chhǐ / sī / sǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ci⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
    • Wade–Giles: shih⁴
    • Yale: shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si⁵
    • Yale: síh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: si⁴ / si^4*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹/, /si²¹⁻²¹⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhī
    • Tâi-lô: tshī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chi
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǐ
    • Tâi-lô: tshǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
    • Tâi-lô: sī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: si
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /si³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐ
    • Tâi-lô: sǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /si²²/

Note:

• chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
• sī/sǐ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ci⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshĭ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy
    • MiniDict: zy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²³/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyiX

Rime
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時止切
Baxter	dzyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨX/
Li Rong	/ʑiəX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[d]əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyiX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[d]əʔ/
English	market (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	市
Reading #	1/1
No.	11611
Phonetic component	市
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	市
Old Chinese	/*djɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 市

1. city; town
2. market; fair
3. trade

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

市

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じ (ji)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: いち (ichi, 市, Jōyō)

Noun

Kanji in this term
市
いち Grade: 2
kun’yomi

市(いち) • (ichi) 

1. market

Suffix

市(し) or 市(suffix) • (shi or suffix) [[Category:Japanese
|し]]

1. city

Compounds

Derived terms

• 市(し)営(えい) (shiei)
• 市(し)外(がい) (shigai)
• 市(し)街(がい) (shigai)
• 市(いち)場(ば) (ichiba)
• 市(し)井(せい) (shisei)
• 市(し)販(はん) (shihan)
• 市(し)有(ゆう) (shiyū)
• 市(し)立(りつ) (shiritsu)
• 市(いち)松(まつ)模(も)様(よう) (ichimatsumoyō)
• 市(し)長(ちょう) (shichō): mayor
• 市(し)役(やく)所(しょ) (shiyakusho): city hall

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Korean

Hanja

市 (eumhun 저자 시 (jeoja si))

1. market, city, town

Compounds

Derived terms

• 평양시 (pyeong'yangsi)(平壤市) Pyongyang city
• 시장 (sijang)(市長) mayor
• 시장 (sijang)(市場) market
• 시청 (sicheong)(市廳) city hall
• 시민 (simin)(市民) citizen
• 인천시 (incheonsi)(仁川市) Incheon city
• 시립 (sirip)(市立) municipal

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 市 (thị)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 市場 (thị trường)
• 市鎮 (thị trấn)