廓

Translingual

Han character

廓 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈卜木中 (IYDL), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广郭)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 350, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9461
• Dae Jaweon: page 661, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 895, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5ED3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		廓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (郭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
郭	*kʷaːɡ
埻	*tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ
崞	*kʷaːɡ
椁	*kʷaːɡ
槨	*kʷaːɡ
噋	*tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ
廓	*kʰʷaːɡ
鞹	*kʰʷaːɡ
漷	*kʰʷaːɡ, *qʰʷraːɡ
霩	*qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːɡ) : semantic 广 (“broad; wide; extensive”) + phonetic 郭 (OC *kʷaːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuò (kuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwok³ / gwok³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khok / koh

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuò
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuo⁴
    • Yale: kwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuoh
    • Palladius: ко (ko)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kwok³ / gwok³
    • Yale: kwok / gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwok⁸ / gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kuog³ / guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɔːk̚³/, /kʷɔːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khok
    • Tâi-lô: khok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koh
    • Tâi-lô: koh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koiq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /koʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /koʔ⁵/

Note:

• khok - literary;
• koh - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: khwak

Rime
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦郭切
Baxter	khwak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fok3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuò
Middle Chinese	‹ khwak ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰˁak/
English	widen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廓
Reading #	1/1
No.	4758
Phonetic component	郭
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	廓
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷaːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 廓

1. broad; wide; open; empty
2. (literary) to expand; to widen
3. 46th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "enlargement" (𝌳)

References

• “廓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

廓

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: かく (kaku)
• Kan-on: かく (kaku)
• Kun: とりで (toride); くるわ (kuruwa, 廓)

Compounds

• 外廓
• 廓大
• 輪廓

Etymology

Kanji in this term
廓
くるわ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Noun

廓(くるわ) • (kuruwa) 

1. Alternative spelling of 曲輪

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Korean

Hanja

廓 • (gwak, hwak) (hangeul 곽, 확, revised gwak, hwak, McCune–Reischauer kwak, hwak)

1. (곽): girdle, circumference, outside, enclosure, wall
2. (확): wide, broad, large
3. (확): to widen, broaden, enlarge

Synonyms

• (girdle): 郭 (곽, gwak)
• (wide): 廣 (광, gwang)
• (widen): 擴 (확, hwak)

Compounds

• 遊廓 (유곽, yu-gwak): brothel, whorehouse
• 輪廓 (윤곽, yun-gwak): outline, overview

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 廓 (quách)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.