恩

Translingual

Han character

恩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 田大心 (WKP), four-corner 6033₀, composition ⿱因心)

Derived characters

• 𫣆, 嗯, 𡟯, 𪩊, 𢞴, 摁, 𬻹, 𬃼, 煾, 𤨒, 䅰, 𨪜, 蒽, 𤹕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10591
• Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 18
• Unihan data for U+6069

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		恩
alternative forms		㤙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
欭	*qrils
烟	*qiːn, *qin
胭	*qiːn
咽	*qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩	*qɯːn
煾	*qɯːn
因	*qin
姻	*qin
茵	*qin
鞇	*qin
氤	*qin
洇	*qin
駰	*qin, *qrin
絪	*qin
裀	*qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːn) : phonetic 因 (OC *qin) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ēn (en¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄣ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): yin¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ên
• Northern Min (KCR): áing
• Eastern Min (BUC): ŏng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): un / in / irn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ng¹ / eng¹ / êng¹ / ing¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: en
    • Wade–Giles: ên¹
    • Yale: ēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: en
    • Palladius: энь (enʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jan¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jin³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ên
    • Hakka Romanization System: en´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: en¹
    • Sinological IPA: /en²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: áing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
    • Tâi-lô: un
    • Phofsit Daibuun: wn
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /un³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen): /un⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in
    • Tâi-lô: in
    • Phofsit Daibuun: yn
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan): /in⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: irn
    • Tâi-lô: irn
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ng¹ / eng¹ / êng¹ / ing¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ng / ṳng / eng / ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ³³/, /ɯŋ³³/, /eŋ³³/, /iŋ³³/

Note:

• ng1 - Chaozhou;
• eng1 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
• êng1 - Jieyang;
• ing1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, Lufeng, Haifeng.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恩
Mandarin	Beijing	/ən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ən⁴⁴/ /nən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/nən²¹/
	Jinan	/ŋẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɣə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ŋẽ²¹/
	Xining	/nə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/əŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ŋən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ŋən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ŋen⁵⁵/ /en⁵⁵/ 新
	Kunming	/ə̃⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ən³¹/
	Hefei	/ʐən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɣəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ŋəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ŋə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/əŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔen³³/
	Wenzhou	/ø³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/ŋɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ŋən³³/
	Xiangtan	/ŋən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/ŋiɛn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/en⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/en²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/un⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ouŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/aiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ɯŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/un²³/

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• Middle Chinese: 'on

Rime
Character	恩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏痕切
Baxter	'on
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔən/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔən/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔən/
Li Rong	/ʔən/
Wang Li	/ən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	an1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤə[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ēn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔon ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁə[n]/
English	kindness, favor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恩
Reading #	1/1
No.	15174
Phonetic component	因
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	恩
Old Chinese	/*qɯːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 恩

1. kindness; mercy; charity
2. affection
3. a surname

Compounds

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #5973”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

恩

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
• Kun: めぐみ (megumi, 恩み)

Compounds

• 恩愛(おんあい) (on'ai)
• 恩義(おんぎ) (ongi)

• 恩恵(おんけい) (onkei)
• 恩師(おんし) (onshi): one's honoured teacher

• 恩赦(おんしゃ) (onsha)
• 恩賞(おんしょう) (onshō)

• 恩人(おんじん) (onjin)
• 恩寵(おんちょう) (onchō)

Noun

恩(おん) • (on) 

1. obligation

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Korean

Hanja

恩 (eum 은 (eun))

1. grace

Compounds

• 恩惠 (은혜, eunhye): grace
• 恩師 (은사, eunsa): teacher
• 恩人 (은인, eunin): savior

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Vietnamese

Han character

恩: Hán Việt readings: ân
恩: Nôm readings: ơn, ân

1. Template:han tu form of

Compounds

• 愛恩 (ái ân)
• 感恩 (cảm ơn / cám ơn)

 

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Zhuang

Classifier

恩

1. Sawndip form of aen