擁

See also: 拥

Translingual

Han character

擁 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手卜女土 (QYVG), four-corner 5001₄, composition ⿰扌雍)

Derived characters

• 𡃵

Related characters

• 拥 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 457, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12781
• Dae Jaweon: page 806, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1972, character 1
• Unihan data for U+64C1

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 擁
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (邕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
郺	*qoːŋʔ, *qoŋ
齆	*qoːŋs
甕	*qoːŋs
罋	*qoːŋs, *qoŋ
雍	*qoŋ, *qoŋs
邕	*qoŋ
嗈	*qoŋ
灉	*qoŋ, *qoŋs
癰	*qoŋ
廱	*qoŋ
雝	*qoŋ
壅	*qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs
饔	*qoŋ
噰	*qoŋ
澭	*qoŋ
擁	*qoŋ, *qoŋʔ
臃	*qoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		擁
simp.		拥
alternative forms		𢹬 𢹭 𢺠 𢶜 㨣

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yōng, yǒng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
• Eastern Min (BUC): é̤ṳng / ṳ̆ng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iong / ióng / iòng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yong
    • Wade–Giles: yung¹
    • Yale: yūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: yung³
    • Yale: yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung²
    • Yale: yúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: é̤ṳng / ṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /øyŋ²¹³/, /yŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• é̤ṳng - colloquial;
• ṳ̆ng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
    • Tâi-lô: iong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
    • Tâi-lô: ióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iòng
    • Tâi-lô: iòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jowngX

Rime
Character	擁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於隴切
Baxter	'jowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuawŋX/
Li Rong	/ʔioŋX/
Wang Li	/ĭwoŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qoŋ/, /*qoŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	擁	擁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15416	15418
Phonetic component	邕	邕
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	邕	擁
Old Chinese	/*qoŋ/	/*qoŋʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 擁

1. to embrace; to hug someone
2. to wrap around; to squeeze
3. to gather around; to crowd
4. to provide support
5. to have something
6. crowd of people
7. (dialectal Mandarin) to push

Pronunciation 2

trad.		擁
simp.		拥
alternative forms		㧬 𢫨 𢶜

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ung²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung²

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ung²
    • Yale: úng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: uung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 擁

1. (Cantonese) to push

   擁車仔／拥车仔 [Cantonese]  ―  ung² ce¹ zai² [Jyutping]  ―  to push a cart

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 推 (“to push”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		推
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	推, 㩳, 搡
	Taiwan	推
	Harbin	㩳, 搡
	Singapore	推
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	推
Central Plains Mandarin	Zhengzhou	擁
	Xi'an	掀, 推
	Xuzhou	搑
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	推, 揎, 捎, 搊, 㩳
	Wuhan	推, 㩳, 揎
	Guilin	推
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	推, 搡
	Hefei	推, 搡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	推, 擁
	Hong Kong	推, 擁
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	擁
	Taishan	擁
	Yangjiang	宿, 擁, 𢱤
Gan	Nanchang	推, 揎, 㩳
Hakka	Meixian	𢱤
	Xingning	𢱤
	Huidong (Daling)	𢱤
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	擁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	擁
	Changting	𢱤
	Wuping	𢱤
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𢱤
	Liancheng	𢱤
	Ninghua	𢱤
	Yudu	𢱤
	Ruijin	𢱤
	Shicheng	𢱤
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𢱤
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𢱤
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𢱤
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𢱤
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𢱤
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𢱤
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𢳪
	Hong Kong	推, 𢱤, 擁
Jin	Taiyuan	推
Northern Min	Jian'ou	捵, 𢱤
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	捵, 𢱤
	Fuqing	挨, 捵
Southern Min	Xiamen	㧣, 捒, 攄
	Quanzhou	捒, 攄
	Jinjiang	㧣
	Zhangzhou	㧣, 捒, 攄
	Taipei	攄
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	攄
	Kaohsiung	攄
	Yilan	攄
	Changhua (Lukang)	攄, 㧣
	Taichung	攄, 㧣
	Tainan	攄
	Hsinchu	攄, 㧣
	Kinmen	攄, 㧣
	Penghu (Magong)	攄
	Penang (Hokkien)	捒, 攄
	Singapore (Hokkien)	㧣
	Manila (Hokkien)	㧣
	Chaozhou	攆, 舁
	Shantou	推, 攆
	Jieyang	攆
	Singapore (Teochew)	攆, 㧣
Wu	Shanghai	推
	Suzhou	推
	Ningbo	推
	Wenzhou	㨄, 推
Xiang	Changsha	寵, 推
	Shuangfeng	攮, 搡

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01677
• “擁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

擁

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to hold
2. to embrace
3. to protect

Readings

• On (unclassified): よう (yō, Jōyō)
• Kun: いだく (idaku, 擁く)、だく (daku, 擁く)、まもる (mamoru, 擁る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
擁
よう Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 擁 (MC 'jowngX).

Affix

擁(よう) • (yō) 

1. to embrace; to protect

Derived terms

• 擁(よう)護(ご) (yōgo, “to protect; to advocate; to support”)
• 擁(よう)する (yōsuru, “to have; to possess”)
• 擁壁(ようへき) (yōheki, “retaining wall”)
• 擁立(ようりつ) (yōritsu, “to field; to recruit a candidate”)
• 抱擁(ほうよう) (hōyō, “to embrace; to hug”)

 

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Korean

Hanja

擁 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 擁 (ủng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation