札

See also: 箚

Translingual

Han character

札 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木山 (DU), four-corner 4291₀, composition ⿰木乚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14422
• Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		札

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 札
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
劜	*qreːd
札	*sqriːd
扎	*sqriːd
蚻	*ʔsriːd
紮	*ʔsriːd
軋	*qriːd
圠	*qriːd
穵	*qriːd, *qʷriːd
挖	*qʷriːd
鳦	*qriːd, *qrid
耴	*ŋrid, *teb
乙	*qriɡ
肊	*qrɯɡ

Etymology

“to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence”

The commentary to the Rites of Zhou by Zheng Xuan says that it is the word for “to die” in the ancient Yue (越) language, so it is possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (Norman and Mei, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhá (zha²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaat³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chat

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhá
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhá
    • Wade–Giles: cha²
    • Yale: já
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jar
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaat³
    • Yale: jaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: zad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːt̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chat
    • Tâi-lô: tsat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sat̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: tsreat

Rime
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側八切
Baxter	tsreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂat̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaat3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qˤrət/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqriːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhá
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*s-qˁrət/
English	strip (n.), tablet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
No.	14910
Phonetic component	乙
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	札
Old Chinese	/*sqriːd/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 札

1. letter; note
2. correspondence
3. ^† to die prematurely
4. ^† pestilence
5. ^† to die from pestilence

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Japanese

Kanji

札

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. bill
2. card

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふだ (fuda, 札, Jōyō); ふみた (fumita, 札); ふんだ (funda, 札); さね (sane, 札)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
札
さつ Grade: 4
on'yomi

/satu/ → /sat͡su/

From Middle Chinese 札 (MC tsreat).

Noun

札(さつ) • (satsu) 

1. paper money, a bill, a (bank) note

Synonyms

• 紙(し)幣(へい) (shihei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
札
ふだ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

/pumi ita/ → /ɸumita/ → /ɸunda/ → /ɸuda/

Originally a compound of 文(ふみ) (fumi, “writing”) + 板(いた) (ita, “board, plank”).

Alternative forms

• 簡

Noun

札(ふだ) • (fuda) 
(alternative reading hiragana ふみた, rōmaji fumita)
(alternative reading hiragana ふんだ, rōmaji funda)

1. a card, a plate, a tag

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 花(はな)札(ふだ) (hanafuda, “hanafuda”)
• 御(お)札(ふだ) (ofuda)
• 切(き)り札(ふだ) (kirifuda)
• 引(ひ)き札(ふだ) (hikifuda)

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Korean

Hanja

札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 鄕札 (향찰, hyangchal)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 札 (trát, trớt)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.