楷

楷 U+6977, 楷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6977 ← 楶 [U+6976] CJK Unified Ideographs 楸 → [U+6978]

Translingual

Han character

楷 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 木心心日 (DPPA), four-corner 4196₁, composition ⿰木皆)

Derived characters

• 𭬐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15185
• Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1246, character 13
• Unihan data for U+6977

Chinese

trad.		楷
simp. #		楷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皆	*kriːl
偕	*kriːl
階	*kriːl
喈	*kriːl
稭	*kriːl, *kriːd
堦	*kriːl
楷	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
鶛	*kriːl
湝	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
蝔	*kriːl, *ɡriːl
鍇	*kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ
揩	*kʰriːl
諧	*ɡriːl
瑎	*ɡriːl
龤	*ɡriːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kriːl, *kʰriːlʔ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiē, kǎi (jie¹, kai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ, ㄎㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai² / gaai¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): kāi / găi
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kai³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khái

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gai¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jie
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹
    • Yale: jyē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³
    • Yale: kǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kaai² / gaai¹
    • Yale: káai / gāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kaai² / gaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kai² / gai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāi / găi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³/, /kai⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kai³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
    • Tâi-lô: khái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qae
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gai¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kai
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: keaj, kheajX

Rime
Character	楷	楷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	古諧切	苦駭切
Baxter	keaj	kheajX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/	/kʰˠɛiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/	/kʰᵚæiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/	/kʰɐiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/	/kʰəɨjX/
Li Rong	/kɛi/	/kʰɛiX/
Wang Li	/kɐi/	/kʰɐiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăi/	/kʰăiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē	qiě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai1	haai2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/, /*kʰriːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楷	楷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6421	6427
Phonetic component	皆	皆
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆	楷
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/	/*kʰriːlʔ/

Definitions

楷

1. Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis)

   Synonym: 黃連木 / 黄连木 (huángliánmù)

2. (obsolete, figurative) upright; staunch

Compounds

• 楷木

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai² / gaai¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khói

  (Hailu, HRS): koi^ˊ

• Northern Min (KCR): kǎi
• Eastern Min (BUC): kāi
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kai³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khái

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kai²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³
    • Yale: kǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kaai² / gaai¹
    • Yale: káai / gāai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kaai² / gaai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kai² / gai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khói
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: koi³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoi²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kai³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
    • Tâi-lô: khái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qae
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kai²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵²/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 楷
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰai²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/kʰai²¹³/
	Tianjin	/kʰai¹³/
	Jinan	/kʰɛ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/kʰɛ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰai⁵³/
	Xi'an	/kʰai⁵³/
	Xining	/kʰɛ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/kʰɛ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰɛ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kʰai⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/kʰai⁴²/
	Chengdu	/kʰai⁵³/
	Guiyang	/kʰai⁴²/
	Kunming	/kʰæ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/kʰae²¹²/ /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹²/
	Hefei	/kʰe̞²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰai⁵³/
	Pingyao	/kʰæ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/kʰɛ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰa³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰɑ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/kʰe̞⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰie̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kʰa³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰai⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/kʰai⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰai²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰoi³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰai³⁵/
	Nanning	/kʰai³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kai⁵⁵/ /kʰai³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰai⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰai³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰai²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰai⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xai³¹/ /kai²³/ 俗

---

• Middle Chinese: kheajX

Rime
Character	楷
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦駭切
Baxter	kheajX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨjX/
Li Rong	/kʰɛiX/
Wang Li	/kʰɐiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰriːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楷
Reading #	2/2
No.	6427
Phonetic component	皆
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	楷
Old Chinese	/*kʰriːlʔ/

Definitions

楷

1. model; pattern
2. model style of Chinese writing

   楷書／楷书  ―  kǎishū  ―  regular script

3. a surname

Compounds

• 一代楷模
• 大楷 (dàkǎi)
• 奉為楷模 / 奉为楷模
• 小楷 (xiǎokǎi)
• 工楷
• 恭楷
• 梁楷
• 楷則 / 楷则
• 楷式
• 楷書 / 楷书 (kǎishū)
• 楷模 (kǎimó)
• 楷法
• 楷隸 / 楷隶
• 楷體 / 楷体 (kǎitǐ)
• 模楷
• 正楷 (zhèngkǎi)
• 蠅頭小楷 / 蝇头小楷

Pronunciation 3

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai²

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kaai²
    • Yale: káai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kaai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/

Definitions

楷

1. (Cantonese) Classifier for slices of a fruit, especially of an orange, mandarin, tangerine, pomelo, etc.

Further reading

• “楷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “楷”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 148.

Japanese

Kanji

楷

(Jōyō kanji)

1. Pistacia chinensis
2. model; pattern
3. regular script
4. a surname

Readings

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC keaj); compare Mandarin 楷 (jiē):

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX); compare Mandarin 楷 (kǎi):

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: かた (kata)、ただしい (tadashii)、のっとる (nottoru, 楷る)
• Nanori: のり (nori)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
楷
かい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かい [káꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

楷(かい) • (kai) 

1. model; pattern
2. regular script: a style of Chinese characters that is square and straight-lined

Derived terms

• 楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)

Korean

Hanja

楷 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

楷: Hán Nôm readings: giai, khai

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.