液

Translingual

Han character

液 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水卜人大 (EYOK), four-corner 3014₇, composition ⿰氵夜)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 628, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17586
• Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1658, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6DB2

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Chinese

trad.		液
simp. #		液

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夜 (OC *laːɡs) – a liquid, like water.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjak.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yè, yì

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶ / jat⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sio̍h / e̍k / ia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
    • Yale: yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jik⁶ / jat⁶
    • Yale: yihk / yaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹ / jat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶ / yed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/, /jɐt̚²/

Note: jat6 - rare.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: sio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sioih
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sioʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sioʔ¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚²⁴/

Note:

• sio̍h - vernacular;
• e̍k/ia̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: siêh⁸ / sioh⁸ / êg⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sie̍h / sio̍h / e̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/, /ek̚⁴/

Note:

• siêh8/sioh8 - vernacular;
• êg8 - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢrAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yek ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢrAk/
English	fluid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	液
Reading #	1/1
No.	15003
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 液

1. liquid; fluid

   體液／体液  ―  tǐyè  ―  bodily fluid

2. sap; juice

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Japanese

Kanji

液

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. liquid

Readings

• Go-on: やく (yaku)
• Kan-on: えき (eki, Jōyō)
• Kun: しる (shiru, 液)

Compounds

Compounds

• 不凍(ふとう)液(えき) (futōeki): antifreeze
• 液(えき)化(か) (ekika): liquefaction
• 液(えき)汁(じゅう) (ekijū): juice, sap
• 液(えき)晶(しょう) (ekishō): liquid crystal
• 液(えき)状(じょう) (ekijō)
• 液(えき)相(そう) (ekisō): liquid phase
• 液(えき)体(たい) (ekitai): liquid
• 血(けつ)液(えき) (ketsueki): blood
• 精(せい)液(えき) (seieki): semen

Etymology

Kanji in this term
液
えき Grade: 5
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 液 (yek, “liquid”).

Noun

液(えき) • (eki) 

1. liquid

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Korean

Hanja

液 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 液 (giá, dịch)

1. sap, juice, liquid, fluid