灌

See also: 潅

Translingual

Han character

灌 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 水+17 in mainland China and Japanese, 21 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 20 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 水廿口土 (ETRG), four-corner 3411₄, composition ⿰氵雚)

Derived characters

• 𪈸, 𫕷

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 662, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18759
• Dae Jaweon: page 1071, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1786, character 13
• Unihan data for U+704C

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Chinese

trad.		灌
simp. #		灌
alternative forms		浂 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觀	*koːn, *koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	*koːns, *kroːns
懽	*koːns, *qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	*qʰoːn, *qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	*kʰonʔ, *kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gun³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kon
• Northern Min (KCR): go̤̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): guáng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
    • Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
    • Yale: gwàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gun³
    • Yale: gun
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gun³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gun³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon
    • Hakka Romanization System: gon
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gon⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kon⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: go̤̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuɑŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
    • Tâi-lô: kuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/

Note:

• guang3 - Shantou;
• guêng3 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: kwanH

Rime
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古玩切
Baxter	kwanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwanH/
Li Rong	/kuɑnH/
Wang Li	/kuɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gun3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.qʷ]ˤar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwanH ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.qʷ]ˁar-s/
English	pour, drip
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
No.	4478
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貫
Old Chinese	/*koːns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 灌

1. to fill (with liquid), to pour, to water
2. to irrigate, to flood
3. (Taiwan) to install (software)​
4. (chiefly Taiwan) to record (music)​

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	潅
Kyūjitai	灌

Kanji

灌

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潅)

1. pour

Readings

• Go-on: かん (kan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: そそぐ (sosogu, 灌ぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관)

1. pour
2. water
3. irrigate, flood

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 灌 (quán)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.