燥

燥 U+71E5, 燥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71E5 ← 燤 [U+71E4] CJK Unified Ideographs 燦 → [U+71E6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

燥 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 火口口木 (FRRD), four-corner 9689₄, composition ⿰火喿)

Derived characters

• 𭟡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 684, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19467
• Dae Jaweon: page 1097, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2240, character 19
• Unihan data for U+71E5

Chinese

trad.		燥
simp. #		燥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 燥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (喿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藻	*ʔsaːwʔ
澡	*ʔslaːwʔ
璪	*ʔsaːwʔ
繰	*ʔsaːwʔ, *saːw, *sʰaw
躁	*ʔsaːws
趮	*ʔsaːws
操	*sʰaːw, *sʰaːws
幧	*sʰaːw, *sʰaw
懆	*sʰaːwʔ
鄵	*sʰaːws
鐰	*zaːw, *sʰaw
臊	*saːw, *saːws
鱢	*saːw
燥	*saːwʔ, *saːws
噪	*saːws
髞	*saːws
喿	*saːws
譟	*saːws
劋	*ʔsawʔ, *ʔseːwʔ
橾	*soːwʔ, *srow

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *saːwʔ, *saːws): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 喿 (OC *saːws).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zào (zao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò / sò͘
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zào
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zào
    • Wade–Giles: tsao⁴
    • Yale: dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
    • Palladius: цзао (czao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cao⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cou³
    • Yale: chou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châu
    • Hakka Romanization System: zau^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Tainan, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò
    • Tâi-lô: sò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soix
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /so³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /so¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /so¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan): /so²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /sɤ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /so⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò͘
    • Tâi-lô: sòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sox
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔ⁴¹/

Note:

• sò/sò͘ - literary;
• sò - vernacular (Quanzhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵sau
    • MiniDict: sau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɔ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sawX

Rime
Character	燥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇老切
Baxter	sawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑuX/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑuX/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sawX/
Li Rong	/sɑuX/
Wang Li	/sɑuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sou2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.sˤawʔ-s/, /*C.sˤawʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*saːwʔ/, /*saːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燥	燥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sào	zào
Middle Chinese	‹ sawH ›	‹ sawX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.sˁawʔ-s/	/*C.sˁawʔ/
English	dry	dry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燥	燥
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16580	16581
Phonetic component	喿	喿
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	㛮
Old Chinese	/*saːwʔ/	/*saːws/

Definitions

燥

1. dry; parched; arid

   乾燥／干燥  ―  gānzào  ―  dry

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 躁 (“quick-tempered; anxious”)

   急燥  ―  jízào  ―  anxious

3. (traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Min, of food or medicine) heaty
4. (Mainland China Hokkien) to absorb (moisture)
5. (Xiamen Hokkien) object that can absorb moisture
6. (Cantonese) blood-boiling, grumpy

   我屋企人好燥呀，跟著我收到我嘅報應啊，我收到一粒蒜頭做交換禮物啊(笑)。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我屋企人好燥呀，跟著我收到我嘅报应啊，我收到一粒蒜头做交换礼物啊(笑)。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ uk¹ kei^5-2 jan⁴ hou² cou³ aa³, gan¹ zoek⁶ ngo⁵ sau¹ dou² ngo⁵ ge³ bou³ jing³ aa¹, ngo⁵ sau¹ dou² jat¹ lap¹ syun³ tau⁴ zou⁶ gaau¹ wun⁶ lai⁵ mat⁶ aa¹ (siu³). [Jyutping]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (heaty): 熱／热 (rè); (Hokkien) 燥煏煏, 燥熱／燥热, 熱燥／热燥
• (to absorb):

edit

• 吸 (xī)
• 吸取 (xīqǔ)
• 吸收 (xīshōu)
• 抽取 (chōuqǔ)
• 攝 / 摄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 攝取 / 摄取 (shèqǔ)
• 束 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 汲 (jí) (literary, or in compounds)
• 汲取 (jíqǔ)

Compounds

• 乾燥 / 干燥 (gānzào)
• 乾燥劑 / 干燥剂 (gānzàojì)
• 乾燥器 / 干燥器
• 乾燥機 / 干燥机 (gānzàojī)
• 乾燥氣候 / 干燥气候
• 乾燥箱 / 干燥箱
• 乾燥花 / 干燥花
• 卬燥
• 口乾舌燥 / 口干舌燥 (kǒugānshézào)
• 口燥脣乾 / 口燥唇干
• 天乾物燥 / 天干物燥
• 推燥居濕 / 推燥居湿
• 暴燥
• 暴燥如雷
• 枯燥 (kūzào)
• 枯燥無味 / 枯燥无味
• 炙冰使燥
• 炮燥
• 熱燥 / 热燥
• 燥不搭的
• 燥屎
• 燥溼 / 燥湿
• 燥灼
• 燥熱 / 燥热 (zàorè)
• 燠燥
• 燥皮
• 燥脾
• 爆燥
• 爆燥如雷
• 辣燥
• 高燥
• 鱉燥 / 鳖燥

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (燥):

• → Japanese: 燥(そう) (sō)
• → Korean: 조(燥) (jo)
• → Vietnamese: táo (燥)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: ráo (𫧭, “be dried up”)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sào (sao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄠˋ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sò

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sào
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sào
    • Wade–Giles: sao⁴
    • Yale: sàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saw
    • Palladius: сао (sao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò
    • Tâi-lô: sò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soix
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /so²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /so⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /so²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /so¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤ²¹/

Definitions

燥

1. minced meat

Compounds

• 燥子
• 肉燥 (ròusào)

Japanese

Kanji

燥

(Jōyō kanji)

1. parch; dry up

Readings

• Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)
• Kun: かわく (kawaku, 燥く)、はしゃぐ (hashagu, 燥ぐ)

Compounds

• 乾燥(かんそう) (kansō): dry; arid; insipid; dehydrated

Korean

Hanja

燥 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

1. (마를 조, mareul): to be dry

Vietnamese

Han character

燥: Hán Việt readings: táo
燥: Nôm readings: ráo

1. chữ Hán form of táo (“(colloquial) constipation”)
2. chữ Nôm form of ráo (“be dried up”)