羯

Translingual

Han character

羯 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿手日心女 (TQAPV), four-corner 8652₇, composition ⿰羊曷)

Derived characters

• 𭌅

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 953, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28537
• Dae Jaweon: page 1398, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3136, character 10
• Unihan data for U+7FAF

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Chinese

trad.		羯
simp. #		羯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology

“wether”

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”), as well as Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰas), Chitkuli Kinnauri [script needed] (kʰa), [script needed] (kʰɘs, “sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”).

“Jie people”

Possibly of Yeniseian origin. Pulleyblank (1962) connects the ethnonym to Proto-Yeniseian *qeˀt ~ *qeˀs (“stone”). Vovin et al. (2016) additionally proposes *keˀt (“person, human being”) as a possible etymon. This character was likely chosen to transcribe the indigenous name of the tribe for its pejorative meaning (ibid.).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kit³ / git³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giêg⁴ / giag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kit³ / git³
    • Yale: kit / git
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kit⁸ / git⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kid³ / gid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːt̚³/, /kiːt̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat
    • Tâi-lô: kiat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giêg⁴ / giag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiek / kiak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiek̚²/, /kiak̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: kjot

Rime
Character	羯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	月 (67)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居謁切
Baxter	kjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨat̚/
Li Rong	/kiɐt̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羯
Reading #	1/1
No.	5058
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kad/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 羯

1. castrated buck caprid; wether
2. Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)

References

• “羯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

羯

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: こち (kochi)
• Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
• Kan’yō-on: かつ (katsu)

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Korean

Hanja

羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 羯 (yết, khiết)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.