陵

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陵 U+9675, 陵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9675
← 陴
[U+9674] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陶 →
[U+9676]
陵 U+F959, 陵
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F959
← 菱
[U+F958] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 讀 →
[U+F95A]

Translingual

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Han character

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陵 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金水 (NLGCE), four-corner 74247, composition ⿰阝夌)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41704
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1857, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9675

Chinese

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trad. 陵
simp. # 陵
alternative forms
夌
䧙
𨻪
𨻎
𨹧
夌
䧙
𨻪
𨻎
𨹧
𠡭
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 陵
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
棱 *rɯːŋ
稜 *rɯːŋ
輘 *rɯːŋ
倰 *rɯːŋ
祾 *rɯːŋ, *rɯŋ
踜 *rɯːŋs
凌 *rɯŋ
菱 *rɯŋ
陵 *rɯŋ
綾 *rɯŋ
鯪 *rɯŋ
淩 *rɯŋ
夌 *rɯŋ
蔆 *rɯŋ
崚 *rɯŋ
掕 *rɯŋ
𩜁 *rɯŋs
庱 *r̥ʰɯŋ, *r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖 *r̥ʰɯŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 阜 (“mound”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound; hill”). Originally written 夌.

Etymology 1

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"mound; hill; gravemound of an emperor"
Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-raŋ (“high; long”), whence Burmese မြင့် (mrang., “high; tall”) (STEDT). Also compare 嶺 (OC *reŋʔ, “mountain ridge”).
"to mount; to transgress; to encroach upon"
The same word as 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “to rise high; to transgress”). May be related to the etymology above (Schuessler, 2007). It is probably cognate with 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, “to cross; to mount; to wade”).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 陵
Mandarin Beijing /liŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ləŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /liŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /liŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /liŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /liŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /liŋ²⁴/
Xining /liə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /liŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /liŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /nin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /lĩ³¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /liŋ¹³/
/li¹³/ 地名
Hohhot /lĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /liŋ²³/
Suzhou /lin¹³/
Hangzhou /lin²¹³/
Wenzhou /leŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /liʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lin¹³/
Xiangtan /nin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lin¹¹/
Taoyuan /lin¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /leŋ²¹/
Nanning /leŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /liŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /liŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /leiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /leŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 陵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力膺切
Baxter ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/liŋ/
Li
Rong 		/liəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 陵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		líng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ling ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]əŋ/
English mound, hill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 陵
Reading # 1/1
No. 8246
Phonetic
component 		夌
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		陵
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯŋ/

Definitions

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陵

  1. mound; hill
  2. royal or imperial tomb (generally restricted to the tombs of emperors, empresses and empress dowagers, but also used as an honorific for the tomb of Sun Yat-sen, the first president of China)
  3. to go up; to mount; to ascend
    alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)
  4. to surpass; to override
    alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)
  5. to bully and humiliate; to encroach on; to invade
    alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)
  6. to decline; to wane
  7. to sharpen; to temper
  8. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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陵

  1. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) elevated area of a terrain or water surface
  2. (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) back (of a vertebrate)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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陵

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mausoleum
  2. imperial tomb
  3. hill; height
    Synonyms: 丘, 岡
  4. to stave off
    Synonym: 凌

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
陵
みささぎ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 陵 – see the following entry.
【みささぎ】
[noun] imperial tomb
(This term, 陵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
陵
りょう
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 陵 (MC ling).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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陵(りょう) • (ryō) ←りよう (ryou)?

  1. imperial tomb
Synonyms
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 陵 (MC ling). Recorded as Middle Korean 르ᇰ (lung) (Yale: lung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

陵 (eumhun 언덕 릉 (eondeok reung), word-initial (South Korea) 언덕 능 (eondeok neung))

  1. hanja form? of 릉/능 (“small hill; mound”)
  2. hanja form? of 릉/능 (“imperial tomb”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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陵

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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陵: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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