陶

陶 U+9676, 陶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9676 ← 陵 [U+9675] CJK Unified Ideographs 陷 → [U+9677]

Translingual

Han character

陶 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中心人山 (NLPOU), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿰阝匋)

Derived characters

• 𭲏, 𬞌, 𩍂, 𡒘

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41705
• Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4139, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9676

Chinese

simp. and trad.		陶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 陶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (匋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
掏	*l̥ʰuː, *l'uː
蜪	*l̥ʰuː, *l'uː
陶	*bl'uː, *luː
萄	*l'uː
啕	*l'uː
淘	*l'uː
騊	*l'uː
匋	*bl'uː
祹	*l'uː
綯	*l'uː

In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 阜 (“mound of dirt”) + 勹 (“two people”) + 土 (“earth”) – "to dig", original character of 掏. The shapes beneath the outermost 勹 were corrupted in bamboo slips, arriving at the modern form 缶 in seal script.

Now a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bl'uː, *luː) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 阝 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 匋 (OC *bl'uː, “make pottery”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): táo (tao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): tou⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hau³

• Gan (Wiktionary): tau²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thò

  (Hailu, HRS): to

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tau²

• Jin (Wiktionary): tau¹
• Northern Min (KCR): dǎu
• Eastern Min (BUC): dò̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tô / tô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tao⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶dau
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dau²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táo
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táo
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao²
    • Yale: táu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taur
    • Palladius: тао (tao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tou⁴
    • Yale: tòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hau³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hau²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: tau²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thò
    • Hakka Romanization System: to^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: to
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tau²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰau¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: tau¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰau¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǎu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô
    • Tâi-lô: tô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dooi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /to²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tao⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰau⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶dau
    • MiniDict: dau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³dau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dɔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dau²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒu̯¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: daw

Rime
Character	陶
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒刀切
Baxter	daw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/
Li Rong	/dɑu/
Wang Li	/dɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*bl'uː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陶
Reading #	1/2
No.	12363
Phonetic component	匋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	陶
Old Chinese	/*bl'uː/

Definitions

陶

1. pottery; ceramics
2. to make pottery
3. to cultivate; to educate; to mould
4. contented; happy
5. a surname

   陶行知  ―  Táo Xíngzhī  ―  Tao Xingzhi (renowned Chinese educator and reformer)

   陶家嶺村／陶家岭村  ―  Táojiālǐng Cūn  ―  Taojialing (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)

Compounds

• 交趾陶
• 奧陶紀 / 奥陶纪 (Àotáo Jì)
• 富埒陶白
• 富比陶衛 / 富比陶卫
• 彩陶 (cǎitáo)
• 彩陶文化
• 樂樂陶陶 / 乐乐陶陶
• 樂陶陶 / 乐陶陶 (lètáotáo)
• 灰陶
• 熏陶 (xūntáo)
• 甄陶 (zhēntáo)
• 白陶 (báitáo)
• 白陶罍
• 立陶宛 (Lìtáowǎn)
• 粗陶
• 精密陶瓷
• 紅陶 / 红陶
• 紫砂陶
• 綠釉陶 / 绿釉陶
• 繪彩陶 / 绘彩陶
• 自我陶醉
• 薰陶 (xūntáo)
• 赤土陶器 (chì tǔ táoqì)
• 遣興陶情 / 遣兴陶情
• 金屬陶瓷 / 金属陶瓷
• 鈞陶 / 钧陶
• 阿克陶 (Ākètáo)
• 陶侃運甓 / 陶侃运甓
• 陶俑 (táoyǒng)
• 陶偶
• 陶兀
• 陶冶 (táoyě)
• 陶劉 / 陶刘 (Táoliú)
• 陶化
• 陶匠 (táojiàng)
• 陶唐
• 陶唐氏
• 陶器 (táoqì)
• 陶器婚
• 陶土 (táotǔ, “potter's clay”)
• 陶土製品 / 陶土制品
• 陶城 (Táochéng)
• 陶場 / 陶场 (Táochǎng)
• 陶塑 (táosù)
• 陶家嶺 / 陶家岭 (Táojiālǐng)
• 陶家河 (Táojiāhé)
• 陶寫 / 陶写
• 陶工 (táogōng, “potter”)
• 陶店 (Táodiàn)
• 陶庵夢憶 / 陶庵梦忆
• 陶成
• 陶文 (táowén)
• 陶染
• 陶業 / 陶业
• 陶泓
• 陶港 (Táogǎng)
• 陶潛三徑 / 陶潜三径
• 陶潛五柳 / 陶潜五柳
• 陶然 (táorán)
• 陶然亭 (Táorántíng)
• 陶然自得
• 陶犬瓦雞 / 陶犬瓦鸡
• 陶猗
• 陶猗之富
• 陶瓷 (táocí)
• 陶瓷器 (táocíqì)
• 陶瓷工 (táocígōng)
• 陶瓷材料
• 陶甄
• 陶真 (táozhēn)
• 陶石
• 陶硯 / 陶砚
• 陶笵
• 陶笛 (táodí)
• 陶笵法
• 陶藝 / 陶艺 (táoyì)
• 陶醉 (táozuì)
• 陶鈞 / 陶钧 (táojūn)
• 陶鎔 / 陶镕
• 陶鎔鼓鑄 / 陶镕鼓铸
• 陶鑄 / 陶铸
• 陶陶
• 陶陶兀兀
• 陶養 / 陶养
• 鬱陶 / 郁陶 (yùtáo)
• 黑陶
• 黑陶文化

Descendants

• → Thai: เตา (dtao)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jiu⁴
    • Yale: yìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: yew

Rime
Character	陶
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘昭切
Baxter	yew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/jæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaw/
Li Rong	/iɛu/
Wang Li	/jĭɛu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*luː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陶
Reading #	2/2
No.	12373
Phonetic component	匋
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	遙
Old Chinese	/*luː/

Definitions

陶

1. Alternative form of 𨹋

1. Used in 皋陶 (Gāoyáo).

1. Used in 陶陶 (yáoyáo).
2. Alternative form of 窯 / 窑 (yáo)

Compounds

• 陶誕 / 陶诞

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dào (dao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dào
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dào
    • Wade–Giles: tao⁴
    • Yale: dàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
    • Palladius: дао (dao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dou⁶
    • Yale: douh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/

Definitions

陶

1. Only used in 陶陶 (dàodào).

References

• “陶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

陶

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: どう (dō)^{←だう (dau, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kun: すえ (sue, 陶)^{←すゑ (swe, 陶, historical)}
• Nanori: よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 陶(よう)陶(よう) (yōyō)
• 陶(すえ)器(うつわもの) (sue-utsuwamono)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
陶
とう Grade: S
kan'on

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

From Middle Chinese 陶 (MC daw).

Affix

陶(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)?}

1. pottery, ceramics
2. (by extension) teach, instruct
3. pleasant, indulgent
4. cloudy, foggy

Derived terms

• 陶(とう)器(き) (tōki)
• 陶(とう)工(こう) (tōkō)
• 陶(とう)酔(すい) (tōsui)
• 陶(とう)然(ぜん) (tōzen)
• 陶(とう)土(ど) (tōdo)
• 陶(とう)冶(や) (tōya)
• 鬱(うっ)陶(とう) (uttō)
• 薫(くん)陶(とう) (kuntō)
• 彩(さい)陶(とう) (saitō)
• 製(せい)陶(とう) (seitō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
陶
すえ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
甄 (rare)

/suwe/ → /sue/

From Old Japanese.

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 据える (sueru, “to set, lay”), from the way they are formed and/or crafted by the hands. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

陶(すえ) • (sue) ^{←すゑ (swe)?}

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) earthenware, pottery

Derived terms

• 陶(すえ)物(もの) (suemono)

Proper noun

陶(すえ) • (Sue) ^{←すゑ (Swe)?}

1. a surname

Korean

Hanja

陶 (eumhun 질 그도 도 (jil geudo do))

1. hanja form^? of 도 (“pottery, ceramics, earthenware”)

陶 (eumhun 화락할 요 (hwarakhal yo))

1. hanja form^? of 도 (“peaceful, harmonious, happy”)

陶 (eumhun 순임금의 신하 요 (sunimgeumui sinha yo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology

The nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 据う (suu, “to set, lay”), from the way they are formed and/or crafted by the hands. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Compounds

• 陶器 (suwemono₂)

Noun

陶 (suwe) (kana すゑ)

1. earthenware, pottery

Descendants

• Japanese: 陶 (sue)

Vietnamese

Han character

陶: Hán Nôm readings: đào

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.