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in italiano, la particella « si » non é un suffisso, è un pronome enclitico Tag: fewer-L2s |
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==Italian== |
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===Etymology=== |
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From {{term|si||oneself|lang=it}}. Cognate with Spanish {{term|se|lang=es}}, which also acts as a suffix; and with Portuguese {{term|se|lang=pt}}, which is hyphenated to the verb stem. |
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===Suffix=== |
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{{head|it|suffix}} |
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# {{non-gloss definition|Appended to an infinitive to indicate that it is a [[reflexive verb]].}} |
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#: {{term|dare||to give|lang=it}} → {{term|darsi|dar'''si'''|to give oneself; to devote|lang=it}} |
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#: {{term|vendere||to sell|lang=it}} → {{term|vendersi|vender'''si'''|to sell oneself; to prostitute|lang=it}} |
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#: {{term|servire||to serve|lang=it}} → {{term|servirsi|servir'''si'''|to serve oneself; to make use of|lang=it}} |
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====Usage notes==== |
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The final -''e'' of the original infinitive is removed : |
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: {{term|-are|lang=it}} → {{term|-arsi|lang=it}} |
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: {{term|-ere|lang=it}} → {{term|-ersi|lang=it}} |
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: {{term|-ire|lang=it}} → {{term|-irsi|lang=it}} |
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Where the verb ends in ''-rre'', the final ''re'' is removed, leaving behind just an ''-r'': |
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: {{term|introdurre||to enter|lang=it}} → {{term|introdurre|introdur'''si'''|to enter oneself; to sneak into|lang=it}} |
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In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single ''r'' and no vowels immediately before ''-si''. |
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==Old Irish== |
==Old Irish== |
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Revision as of 10:27, 7 May 2014
See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"
Finnish
Pronunciation
- (deprecated use of
|lang=parameter) Hyphenation: -si - Pronounced as written. The first syllables of Finnish words are always stressed, so no emphasis on this.
Suffix
-si (appended to the (strong) vowel stem; the final -n of the genitive and illative singular and plural or the -t of the nominative plural is omitted)
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) suffix used with or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), corresponds to the English possessive pronoun your (addressing one person; in archaic English: thy):
- (sinun) kirjasi = your book
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) appended to a genitive-requiring postposition that is after or without sinun (the genitive of the personal pronoun sinä), you (addressing one person; in archaic English: thee):
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active present participle in genitive singular when the action is concurrent with the main clause:
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) used in a participle structure replacing an "että" clause, preceded by a verb expressing e.g. telling, claiming, asserting, confirming, thinking, wish, desire, seeming, when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person); appended to the active past participle in genitive singular when the said/alleged (etc.) action antedates the main clause:
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing concurrent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the inessive of the active second infinitive:
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (While) doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- Tehdessäsi läksyjäsi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) used in a shortened sentence expressing subsequent actions when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the partitive of the passive past participle singular:
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (After) having done / After doing your homework, you heard a shot from outside.
- Tehtyäsi läksysi (sinä) kuulit laukauksen ulkoa.
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) used in a final shortened sentence expressing "in order to do" when the clauses have the same subject "you" (addressing one person), appended to the long first infinitive:
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (In order) to do your homework well, you went into a quiet room.
- Tehdäksesi läksysi hyvin (sinä) menit hiljaiseen huoneeseen.
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) Used in some adverbs, when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
- (deprecated template usage) (possessive) Always appended to a noun in the comitative case when the clause has the subject "you" (addressing one person).
Usage notes
- The possessive suffix -si is compulsory in standard Finnish. The genitive form of the corresponding personal pronoun "sinä" before the main word can, depending on the context, be sometimes omitted in written language if the sentence remains fluent. In colloquial Finnish, the suffix -si is very rare and only the genitive form "sinun" (or its colloquial or dialectal variants) is used before the main word.
- The shortened sentences — except for the participle structures — pertain mainly to standard Finnish, not to spoken Finnish. It is also to be noticed that the shortened clauses are never separated from the main clauses with a comma.
Derived terms
See also
Italian
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) si. Cognate with Spanish (deprecated template usage) se, which also acts as a suffix; and with Portuguese (deprecated template usage) se, which is hyphenated to the verb stem.
Suffix
-si
- Appended to an infinitive to indicate that it is a reflexive verb.
Usage notes
The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
- (deprecated template usage) -are → (deprecated template usage) -arsi
- (deprecated template usage) -ere → (deprecated template usage) -ersi
- (deprecated template usage) -ire → (deprecated template usage) -irsi
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -si.
Old Irish
Suffix
-si
- her (emphatic)
- you (plural; emphatic)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- I am boasting about you to the Macedonians.
- Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8
Usage notes
Added to nouns to emphasize a possessor, to verbs to emphasize a subject, and to inflected prepositions to emphasize an object, in the 3rd person singular feminine or the 2nd person plural.
Related terms
Uzbek
Suffix
-si (-си)
- Third person singular possessive suffix. Used after a noun ending in a vowel. It has the same meaning as "uning" (its) placed before a noun.
- Bu ruchkasi.
- "This is its ball pen."
- Bu ruchkasi.