熟
See also: 熱
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
熟 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜戈火 (YIF), four-corner 05331, composition ⿱孰灬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 680, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19332
- Dae Jaweon: page 1091, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2231, character 3
- Unihan data for U+719F
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
熟 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | 𰀅 | |
alternative forms | 𦏧 𡒒 |
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *djɯwɢ) : phonetic 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ, “cooked; ripe”) + semantic 灬 (“fire”) – cooked with fire.
Originally written 孰.
Etymology
Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Proto-Kiranti (*tʰok ~ tʰuk, "ripen; cooked") (Schuessler, 2007).
Thai สุก (sùk, “ripe”) is a loan from Middle Chinese 熟 (MC dzyuwk).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): suk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): su̍k
- Jin (Wiktionary): sueh5
- Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆k
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5zoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shou6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, literary; standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shú
- Wade–Giles: shu2
- Yale: shú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial; standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shóu
- Wade–Giles: shou2
- Yale: shóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shour
- Palladius: шоу (šou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary; standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: suk6
- Yale: suhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: suk9
- Guangdong Romanization: sug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: sug
- Hagfa Pinyim: sug6
- Sinological IPA: /suk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: sueh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆k
- Sinological IPA (key): /syʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- se̍k/sia̍k - vernacular;
- sio̍k - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 熟 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂou³⁵/ /ʂu³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂou²⁴/ /ʂu²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʂou⁴⁵/ /sou⁴⁵/ /su⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʂu⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃu⁴²/ ~了 /ʂu⁴²/ ~悉 | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂu⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /fu²⁴/ | |
Xining | /fv̩²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂu¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /fu⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂu⁵¹/ /fu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /səu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /su³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /su²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʂu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʂuəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /suəʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /suʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /suəʔ⁴³/ ~悉 /səu³¹/ 飯~ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zoʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /zoʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zoʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /jɤu²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /su²²/ |
Tunxi | /ɕiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂəu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ʂəɯ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /suʔ²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /suk̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sok̚²/ |
Nanning | /suk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /suk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔk̚⁵/ /sik̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /syʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /sek̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sok̚⁵/ /tiak̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djɯwɢ/
Definitions
- (of fruits, etc.) ripe
- (of cooked dishes, etc.) cooked; done
- familiar with; well-acquainted with
- (of sleep) sound; deep
- (historical ethnography) civilized, settled (opposed with 生 "wild")
- 熟黎 ― shú lí ― civilized Li
Compounds
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Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 熟悉 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 熟悉 |
Singapore | 熟悉, 熟 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 熟 |
Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 熟似 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 熟似 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 熟悉 |
Descendants
- → Thai: สุก (sùk)
Further reading
- “Entry #11221”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
熟
- boil
- ripen
- a complete state
Readings
- Go-on: じゅく (juku, Jōyō)←じゆく (zyuku, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)←しゆく (syuku, historical)
- Kun: うれる (ureru, 熟れる, Jōyō)、にる (niru, 熟る)、つらつら (tsuratsura, 熟)、つくづく (tsukuzuku, 熟)
Korean
Hanja
熟 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅく
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しゆく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading う・れる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading に・る
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