apu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "apu"

Languages (22)

Translingual

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Asturian • Batui • Borong • Chamorro • Chungli Ao • Finnish • Hungarian • Ingrian • Kapampangan • Karelian • Limos Kalinga • Megleno-Romanian • Meriam • Pamona • Pitjantjatjara • Ponosakan • Quechua • Saluan • Sundanese • Tokelauan • Uma

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

apu

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Apurinã.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Apurinã terms

Asturian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈapu/ [ˈa.pu]
• Rhymes: -apu
• Syllabification: a‧pu

Noun

apu m (uncountable)

1. alternative form of afu

Batui

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔapu/

Noun

apu

1. fire

Further reading

• David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

Borong

Noun

apu

1. water

References

• Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007) (mentioned in the entry o)

Chamorro

Etymology

From Pre-Chamorro *ʔapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ.pu/

Noun

apu

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Chungli Ao

Etymology 1

From Proto-Central Naga *phu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˧.pu˧/, [a˧.pu˧]

Verb

apu

1. to blow

Inflection

Inflection of apu (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	apu	mapu
	Perfect	apuogo	mapuogo
Present	Simple	apur	mapur
	Progressive	apudar apudagi	mapudar mapudagi
Future/infinitive		aputsü	maputsü
Imperative		apuang	tapu
Present participle		apua	mapui
Conditional		apura apurabang	mapura mapurabang

Etymology 2

From Proto-Central Naga *pu(ʔ), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *puʔ (“to carry on shoulders”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˧.pu˧/, [a˧.pu˧]

Verb

apu

1. to carry on the shoulders

Inflection

Inflection of apu (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	apu	mapu
	Perfect	apuogo	mapuogo
Present	Simple	apur	mapur
	Progressive	apudar apudagi	mapudar mapudagi
Future/infinitive		aputsü	maputsü
Imperative		apuang	tapu
Present participle		apua	mapui
Conditional		apura apurabang	mapura mapurabang

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California, pages 49-50, 196
• Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 8
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 97

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑ̝pu]
• Rhymes: -ɑpu
• Syllabification^(key): a‧pu
• Hyphenation^(key): apu

Noun

apu

1. help, aid, assistance, relief, succour [with illative ‘with a thing’ or inessive ‘with a task’ or (genitive +) kanssa]

   Apua! ― Help!

   jonkin avulla ― with the help of something / using something

2. (in expressions) helping hand, one who helps
3. remedy, relief (something that provides a removal of stress or discomfort)
4. (as a modifier in compounds) auxiliary, assistant, assisting, accessory, ancillary

   apukone ― auxiliary engine

   apumoottori ― auxiliary engine

   aputyöntekijä ― assistant worker

   apuhenkilökunta ― assisting personnel

Declension

Inflection of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)
nominative		apu	avut
genitive		avun	apujen
partitive		apua	apuja
illative		apuun	apuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		apu	avut
accusative	nom.	apu	avut
	gen.	avun
genitive		avun	apujen
partitive		apua	apuja
inessive		avussa	avuissa
elative		avusta	avuista
illative		apuun	apuihin
adessive		avulla	avuilla
ablative		avulta	avuilta
allative		avulle	avuille
essive		apuna	apuina
translative		avuksi	avuiksi
abessive		avutta	avuitta
instructive		—	avuin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative apuni apuni accusative nom. apuni apuni gen. apuni genitive apuni apujeni partitive apuani apujani inessive avussani avuissani elative avustani avuistani illative apuuni apuihini adessive avullani avuillani ablative avultani avuiltani allative avulleni avuilleni essive apunani apuinani translative avukseni avuikseni abessive avuttani avuittani instructive — — comitative — apuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative apusi apusi accusative nom. apusi apusi gen. apusi genitive apusi apujesi partitive apuasi apujasi inessive avussasi avuissasi elative avustasi avuistasi illative apuusi apuihisi adessive avullasi avuillasi ablative avultasi avuiltasi allative avullesi avuillesi essive apunasi apuinasi translative avuksesi avuiksesi abessive avuttasi avuittasi instructive — — comitative — apuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative apumme apumme accusative nom. apumme apumme gen. apumme genitive apumme apujemme partitive apuamme apujamme inessive avussamme avuissamme elative avustamme avuistamme illative apuumme apuihimme adessive avullamme avuillamme ablative avultamme avuiltamme allative avullemme avuillemme essive apunamme apuinamme translative avuksemme avuiksemme abessive avuttamme avuittamme instructive — — comitative — apuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative apunne apunne accusative nom. apunne apunne gen. apunne genitive apunne apujenne partitive apuanne apujanne inessive avussanne avuissanne elative avustanne avuistanne illative apuunne apuihinne adessive avullanne avuillanne ablative avultanne avuiltanne allative avullenne avuillenne essive apunanne apuinanne translative avuksenne avuiksenne abessive avuttanne avuittanne instructive — — comitative — apuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative apunsa apunsa accusative nom. apunsa apunsa gen. apunsa genitive apunsa apujensa partitive apuaan apuansa apujaan apujansa inessive avussaan avussansa avuissaan avuissansa elative avustaan avustansa avuistaan avuistansa illative apuunsa apuihinsa adessive avullaan avullansa avuillaan avuillansa ablative avultaan avultansa avuiltaan avuiltansa allative avulleen avullensa avuilleen avuillensa essive apunaan apunansa apuinaan apuinansa translative avukseen avuksensa avuikseen avuiksensa abessive avuttaan avuttansa avuittaan avuittansa instructive — — comitative — apuineen apuinensa

Derived terms

adjectives

• apuinen
• aulis
• avulias
• avullinen
• avuton

interjections

• apua

nouns

• apulainen
• apuri

verbs

• auttaa
• avustaa

compounds

• ammattiapu
• apuaine
• apuehdokas
• apufunktio
• apuharvennus
• apuhenkilökunta
• apuhoitaja
• apujoukko
• apujäsen
• apukantoaalto
• apukassa
• apukeino
• apukeittiö
• apukieli
• apukinos
• apukokki
• apukone
• apukoulu
• apukuski
• apukätilö
• apukäynnistin
• apulaite
• apulannoite
• apulanta
• apulause
• apulähde
• apulähtö
• apumatti
• apumekaanikko
• apumies
• apumoottori
• apumuisti
• apumuuttuja
• apuneuvo
• apuohjelma
• apupaketti
• apupappi
• apupeili
• apupiste
• apupoika
• apupuikko
• apupuolue
• apupyörä
• apupäätös
• apupöytä
• apuraha
• apurahasto
• apuraketti
• apuruudukko
• apusana
• apuselostus
• apusisar
• apusuoritin
• aputalous
• aputaso
• aputiede
• aputoiminimi
• aputulo
• aputuomari
• aputyö
• aputyöntekijä
• aputyövoima
• apuvaimo
• apuvalmentaja
• apuvarjo
• apuverbi
• apuviiva
• apuvirtakaapeli
• apuvoima
• apuväline
• aseapu
• asiantuntija-apu
• asiantuntijanapu
• avunantaja
• avunanto
• avunhuuto
• avunpyyntö
• avunpyytäjä
• avunsaaja
• avuntarjous
• avuntarve
• avuntarvitsija
• elatusapu
• elintarvikeapu
• ensiapu
• hautausapu
• henkilöapu
• huoltoapu
• hätäapu
• itseapu
• katastrofiapu
• kehitysapu
• kodinhoitoapu
• kotiapu
• kriisiapu
• kuolinapu
• köyhäinapu
• lääkärinapu
• materiaaliapu
• naapuriapu
• oikeusapu
• oma-apuryhmä
• pohjeapu
• ruoka-apu
• sijaisapu
• talkooapu
• talousapu
• tilapäisapu
• työapu
• ulkomaanapu
• vaateapu
• vaatetusapu
• valtionapu
• vetoapu
• viranomaisapu
• virka-apu

idioms

• oma apu paras apu

Related terms

• aulis
• avittaa

Further reading

• “apu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• -pua

Hungarian

Etymology

From apa (“father”) +‎ -u (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒpu]
• Hyphenation: apu
• Rhymes: -pu

Noun

apu

1. dad

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	apu	apuk
accusative	aput	apukat
dative	apunak	apuknak
instrumental	apuval	apukkal
causal-final	apuért	apukért
translative	apuvá	apukká
terminative	apuig	apukig
essive-formal	apuként	apukként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	apuban	apukban
superessive	apun	apukon
adessive	apunál	apuknál
illative	apuba	apukba
sublative	apura	apukra
allative	apuhoz	apukhoz
elative	apuból	apukból
delative	apuról	apukról
ablative	aputól	apuktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	apué	apuké
non-attributive possessive – plural	apuéi	apukéi

Possessive forms of apu

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	apum	apuim
2nd person sing.	apud	apuid
3rd person sing.	apuja	apui
1st person plural	apunk	apuink
2nd person plural	aputok	apuitok
3rd person plural	apujuk	apuik

Derived terms

• apuka

Further reading

• apu in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• apu in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑpuˑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑb̥uˑ]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑb̥uˑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpu
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu

1. synonym of api
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 109:

     Hää oli prostoist vanhemmist, varraa jäi vanhemmist i suureel vaivaal vanhemman veljän avul sai itsellee obrazovanjan.

     He had simple parents, lost [his] parents early on and with big difficulty with the help of his older brother got himself an education.

Declension

Declension of apu (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	apu	avut
genitive	avun	appuin, apuloin
partitive	appua	apuja, apuloja
illative	appuu	appui, apuloihe
inessive	avus	avuis, apulois
elative	avust	avuist, apuloist
allative	avulle	avuille, apuloille
adessive	avul	avuil, apuloil
ablative	avult	avuilt, apuloilt
translative	avuks	avuiks, apuloiks
essive	apunna, appuun	apuinna, apuloinna, appuin, apuloin
exessive1)	apunt	apuint, apuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• apulain
• apusana
• avuttaa
• rantaapu

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 2
• Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapuʔ/ [ˈa.pʊʔ]
• IPA^(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapu/ [ˈa.pʊ]
• IPA^(key): (“grandchild”) /əˈpu/ [əˈpʊ]
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

ápû or ápu

1. grandparent
   1. term of address for one's grandparents
2. term of reference for one's grandmother
3. title added to saint's names

   Apu Lusya

   Saint Lucy

See also

• impu
• ingkung
• nunu

Noun

apu

1. grandchild

References

• Michael L. Forman (2019), Kapampangan Dictionary‎^[3], University of Hawaii Press, →DOI, →ISBN, archived from the original on 29 June 2021, page 11

Karelian

Regional variants of apu

North Karelian (Viena)	apu
South Karelian (Tver)	abu

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu (genitive avun, partitive apuo)

1. (North Karelian) help

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of apu (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	apu	avut
genitive	avun	apujen
partitive	apuo	apuja
illative	apuh	apuloih
inessive	avušša	apuloissa
elative	avušta	apuloista
adessive	avulla	apuloilla
ablative	avulta	apuloilta
translative	avukši	apuloiksi
essive	apuna	apuloina
comitative	—	apuloineh
abessive	avutta	apuloitta
prolative	—	—
instructive	—	apuloin

Possessive forms of apu
1st person	apuni
2nd person	apuš
3rd person	apuh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “помощь”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Limos Kalinga

Noun

apú

1. grandchild
2. grandparent

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin aqua. Compare Romanian apă, Aromanian apã, Istro-Romanian åpe.

Noun

apu

1. water

References

• Theodor Capidan, Dicționar meglenoromân (Megleno-Romanian dictionary)

Meriam

Noun

apu

1. mother or paternal aunt

Pamona

Noun

apu

1. fire

References

• Donald F. and Sharon G. Barr and C. Salombe, Languages of Central Sulawesi: checklist, preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists, Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University (1979), page 98

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɐpʊ]

Noun

apu

1. stone, rock
2. mountain, hill
3. stone tool

Synonyms

• puḻi

Ponosakan

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Cognate of Tagalog apog, Tondano apu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈpu/, [ʔa.ˈpuː]

Noun

apu

1. lime (especially when eaten with betel)

Quechua

Ausangate or Awsanqa tiy: a well-known powerful apu, guardian of Cuzco.

Etymology

Proto-Quechuan *apu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.pʊ/

Noun

apu

1. (archaic) powerful lord
2. an earthly guardian deity, represented by a mountain or which lives atop a mountain.

Declension

Declension of apu

	singular	plural
nominative	apu	apukuna
accusative	aputa	apukunata
dative	apuman	apukunaman
genitive	apup	apukunap
locative	apupi	apukunapi
terminative	apukama	apukunakama
ablative	apumanta	apukunamanta
instrumental	apuwan	apukunawan
comitative	apuntin	apukunantin
abessive	apunnaq	apukunannaq
comparative	apuhina	apukunahina
causative	apurayku	apukunarayku
benefactive	apupaq	apukunapaq
associative	apupura	apukunapura
distributive	apunka	apukunanka
exclusive	apulla	apukunalla

Possessive forms of apu

ñuqap - first-person singular ñuqap (my) singular plural nominative apuy apuykuna accusative apuyta apuykunata dative apuyman apuykunaman genitive apuypa apuykunap locative apuypi apuykunapi terminative apuykama apuykunakama ablative apuymanta apuykunamanta instrumental apuywan apuykunawan comitative apuynintin apuykunantin abessive apuyninnaq apuykunannaq comparative apuyhina apuykunahina causative apuyrayku apuykunarayku benefactive apuypaq apuykunapaq associative apuypura apuykunapura distributive apuyninka apuykunanka exclusive apuylla apuykunalla qampa - second-person singular qampa (your) singular plural nominative apuyki apuykikuna accusative apuykita apuykikunata dative apuykiman apuykikunaman genitive apuykipa apuykikunap locative apuykipi apuykikunapi terminative apuykikama apuykikunakama ablative apuykimanta apuykikunamanta instrumental apuykiwan apuykikunawan comitative apuykintin apuykikunantin abessive apuykinnaq apuykikunannaq comparative apuykihina apuykikunahina causative apuykirayku apuykikunarayku benefactive apuykipaq apuykikunapaq associative apuykipura apuykikunapura distributive apuykinka apuykikunanka exclusive apuykilla apuykikunalla paypa - third-person singular paypa (his/her/its) singular plural nominative apun apunkuna accusative apunta apunkunata dative apunman apunkunaman genitive apunpa apunkunap locative apunpi apunkunapi terminative apunkama apunkunakama ablative apunmanta apunkunamanta instrumental apunwan apunkunawan comitative apunintin apunkunantin abessive apunninnaq apunkunannaq comparative apunhina apunkunahina causative apunrayku apunkunarayku benefactive apunpaq apunkunapaq associative apunpura apunkunapura distributive apuninka apunkunanka exclusive apunlla apunkunalla ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural nominative apunchik apunchikkuna accusative apunchikta apunchikkunata dative apunchikman apunchikkunaman genitive apunchikpa apunchikkunap locative apunchikpi apunchikkunapi terminative apunchikkama apunchikkunakama ablative apunchikmanta apunchikkunamanta instrumental apunchikwan apunchikkunawan comitative apunchiknintin apunchikkunantin abessive apunchikninnaq apunchikkunannaq comparative apunchikhina apunchikkunahina causative apunchikrayku apunchikkunarayku benefactive apunchikpaq apunchikkunapaq associative apunchikpura apunchikkunapura distributive apunchikninka apunchikkunanka exclusive apunchiklla apunchikkunalla ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural nominative apuyku apuykukuna accusative apuykuta apuykukunata dative apuykuman apuykukunaman genitive apuykupa apuykukunap locative apuykupi apuykukunapi terminative apuykukama apuykukunakama ablative apuykumanta apuykukunamanta instrumental apuykuwan apuykukunawan comitative apuykuntin apuykukunantin abessive apuykunnaq apuykukunannaq comparative apuykuhina apuykukunahina causative apuykurayku apuykukunarayku benefactive apuykupaq apuykukunapaq associative apuykupura apuykukunapura distributive apuykunka apuykukunanka exclusive apuykulla apuykukunalla qamkunap - second-person plural qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural nominative apuykichik apuykichikkuna accusative apuykichikta apuykichikkunata dative apuykichikman apuykichikkunaman genitive apuykichikpa apuykichikkunap locative apuykichikpi apuykichikkunapi terminative apuykichikkama apuykichikkunakama ablative apuykichikmanta apuykichikkunamanta instrumental apuykichikwan apuykichikkunawan comitative apuykichiknintin apuykichikkunantin abessive apuykichikninnaq apuykichikkunannaq comparative apuykichikhina apuykichikkunahina causative apuykichikrayku apuykichikkunarayku benefactive apuykichikpaq apuykichikkunapaq associative apuykichikpura apuykichikkunapura distributive apuykichikninka apuykichikkunanka exclusive apuykichiklla apuykichikkunalla paykunap - third-person plural paykunap (their) singular plural nominative apunku apunkukuna accusative apunkuta apunkukunata dative apunkuman apunkukunaman genitive apunkupa apunkukunap locative apunkupi apunkukunapi terminative apunkukama apunkukunakama ablative apunkumanta apunkukunamanta instrumental apunkuwan apunkukunawan comitative apunkuntin apunkukunantin abessive apunkunnaq apunkukunannaq comparative apunkuhina apunkukunahina causative apunkurayku apunkukunarayku benefactive apunkupaq apunkukunapaq associative apunkupura apunkukunapura distributive apunkunka apunkukunanka exclusive apunkulla apunkukunalla

Saluan

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔapuː/

Noun

apu

1. fire

Further reading

• David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

Sundanese

Etymology

From Old Sundanese apu, from Old Javanese apū, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ. Doublet of hapur.

Noun

apu (Sundanese script ᮃᮕᮥ)

1. lime (mineral)

Derived terms

• batu apu
• dibeuleumapukeun
• meuleum apu
• pameuleuman apu
• piapueun

Further reading

• "APOE", in Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

Tokelauan

Te apu (1).

Te apu (2).

Etymology

Borrowed from English apple.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.pu]
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu

1. apple
2. apple tree (Malus domestica)

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 17

Uma

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Noun

apu

1. fire