apu

See also: APU, apʉ, apu-, apú, and ấp ủ

Batui

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔapu/

Noun

apu

1. fire

Further reading

• David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

Borong

Noun

apu

1. water

References

• Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007) (mentioned in the entry o)

Chamorro

Etymology

From Pre-Chamorro *ʔapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

apu

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑ̝pu]
• Rhymes: -ɑpu
• Syllabification^(key): a‧pu

Noun

apu

1. help, aid, assistance, relief, succour

   Apua! ― Help!

   jonkin avulla ― with the help of something / using something

2. (in expressions) helping hand, one who helps
3. remedy, relief (something that provides a removal of stress or discomfort)
4. (in compounds) auxiliary, additional, accessory

   apukone ― auxiliary engine

Declension

Inflection of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)
nominative		apu	avut
genitive		avun	apujen
partitive		apua	apuja
illative		apuun	apuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		apu	avut
accusative	nom.	apu	avut
	gen.	avun
genitive		avun	apujen
partitive		apua	apuja
inessive		avussa	avuissa
elative		avusta	avuista
illative		apuun	apuihin
adessive		avulla	avuilla
ablative		avulta	avuilta
allative		avulle	avuille
essive		apuna	apuina
translative		avuksi	avuiksi
abessive		avutta	avuitta
instructive		—	avuin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative apuni apuni accusative nom. apuni apuni gen. apuni genitive apuni apujeni partitive apuani apujani inessive avussani avuissani elative avustani avuistani illative apuuni apuihini adessive avullani avuillani ablative avultani avuiltani allative avulleni avuilleni essive apunani apuinani translative avukseni avuikseni abessive avuttani avuittani instructive — — comitative — apuineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative apusi apusi accusative nom. apusi apusi gen. apusi genitive apusi apujesi partitive apuasi apujasi inessive avussasi avuissasi elative avustasi avuistasi illative apuusi apuihisi adessive avullasi avuillasi ablative avultasi avuiltasi allative avullesi avuillesi essive apunasi apuinasi translative avuksesi avuiksesi abessive avuttasi avuittasi instructive — — comitative — apuinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative apumme apumme accusative nom. apumme apumme gen. apumme genitive apumme apujemme partitive apuamme apujamme inessive avussamme avuissamme elative avustamme avuistamme illative apuumme apuihimme adessive avullamme avuillamme ablative avultamme avuiltamme allative avullemme avuillemme essive apunamme apuinamme translative avuksemme avuiksemme abessive avuttamme avuittamme instructive — — comitative — apuinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative apunne apunne accusative nom. apunne apunne gen. apunne genitive apunne apujenne partitive apuanne apujanne inessive avussanne avuissanne elative avustanne avuistanne illative apuunne apuihinne adessive avullanne avuillanne ablative avultanne avuiltanne allative avullenne avuillenne essive apunanne apuinanne translative avuksenne avuiksenne abessive avuttanne avuittanne instructive — — comitative — apuinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative apunsa apunsa accusative nom. apunsa apunsa gen. apunsa genitive apunsa apujensa partitive apuaan apuansa apujaan apujansa inessive avussaan avussansa avuissaan avuissansa elative avustaan avustansa avuistaan avuistansa illative apuunsa apuihinsa adessive avullaan avullansa avuillaan avuillansa ablative avultaan avultansa avuiltaan avuiltansa allative avulleen avullensa avuilleen avuillensa essive apunaan apunansa apuinaan apuinansa translative avukseen avuksensa avuikseen avuiksensa abessive avuttaan avuttansa avuittaan avuittansa instructive — — comitative — apuineen apuinensa

Derived terms

• ammattiapu
• apua
• apuaine
• apuharvennus
• apujoukko
• apukassa
• apukinos
• apukone
• apukoulu
• apukuski
• apukäynnistin
• apumatti
• apumuisti
• apumuuttuja
• apupaketti
• apupuolue
• apupäätös
• apuraha
• apurahasto
• apuvalmentaja
• apuviiva
• apuvirtakaapeli
• aseapu
• asiantuntija-apu
• asiantuntijanapu
• avunantaja
• avunanto
• avunhuuto
• avunpyyntö
• avunpyytäjä
• avunsaaja
• avuntarjous
• avuntarve
• avuntarvitsija
• elatusapu
• elintarvikeapu
• ensiapu
• hautausapu
• henkilöapu
• huoltoapu
• hätäapu
• itseapu
• katastrofiapu
• kehitysapu
• kodinhoitoapu
• kotiapu
• kriisiapu
• kuolinapu
• köyhäinapu
• lääkärinapu
• materiaaliapu
• naapuriapu
• oikeusapu
• oma apu paras apu
• oma-apuryhmä
• pohjeapu
• ruoka-apu
• sijaisapu
• talkooapu
• talousapu
• tilapäisapu
• työapu
• ulkomaanapu
• vaateapu
• vaatetusapu
• valtionapu
• vetoapu
• virka-apu

 

adjectives

• apuinen
• avulias
• avullinen
• avuton

 

nouns

• apulainen
• apuri

 

verbs

• auttaa
• avustaa

 

Related terms

• aulis
• avittaa

Further reading

• “apu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Anagrams

• -pua

Hungarian

Etymology

From apa (“father”) +‎ -u (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒpu]
• Hyphenation: apu
• Rhymes: -pu

Noun

apu

1. dad

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	apu	apuk
accusative	aput	apukat
dative	apunak	apuknak
instrumental	apuval	apukkal
causal-final	apuért	apukért
translative	apuvá	apukká
terminative	apuig	apukig
essive-formal	apuként	apukként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	apuban	apukban
superessive	apun	apukon
adessive	apunál	apuknál
illative	apuba	apukba
sublative	apura	apukra
allative	apuhoz	apukhoz
elative	apuból	apukból
delative	apuról	apukról
ablative	aputól	apuktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	apué	apuké
non-attributive possessive - plural	apuéi	apukéi

Possessive forms of apu
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	apum	apuim
2nd person sing.	apud	apuid
3rd person sing.	apuja	apui
1st person plural	apunk	apuink
2nd person plural	aputok	apuitok
3rd person plural	apujuk	apuik

Derived terms

• apuka

 

Further reading

• apu in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• apu in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑpu]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑb̥u]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑb̥u]
• Rhymes: -ɑpu
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu

1. Synonym of api
   • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 109:

     Hää oli prostoist vanhemmist, varraa jäi vanhemmist i suureel vaivaal vanhemman veljän avul sai itsellee obrazovanjan.

     He had simple parents, lost [his] parents early on and with big difficulty with the help of his older brother got himself an education.

Declension

Declension of apu (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	apu	avut
genitive	avun	appuin, apuloin
partitive	appua	apuja, apuloja
illative	appuu	appui, apuloihe
inessive	avus	avuis, apulois
elative	avust	avuist, apuloist
allative	avulle	avuille, apuloille
adessive	avul	avuil, apuloil
ablative	avult	avuilt, apuloilt
translative	avuks	avuiks, apuloiks
essive	apunna, appuun	apuinna, apuloinna, appuin, apuloin
exessive1)	apunt	apuint, apuloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• apulain
• apusana
• avuttaa
• rantaapu

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 2
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapuʔ/ [ˈäː.puʔ]
• IPA^(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapu/ [ˈäː.pu]
• IPA^(key): (“grandchild”) /əˈpu/ [əˈpu]
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

ápû or ápu

1. grandparent
   1. term of address for one's grandparents
2. term of reference for one's grandmother
3. title added to saint's names

   Apu Lusya

   Saint Lucy

See also

• impu
• ingkung
• nunu

 

Noun

apu

1. grandchild

References

• Michael L. Forman (2019) Kapampangan Dictionary‎^[2], University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, archived from the original on 29 June 2021, page 11

Karelian

Regional variants of apu

North Karelian (Viena)	apu
South Karelian (Tver)	abu

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑpu/
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu (genitive avun, partitive apuo)

1. (North Karelian) help

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of apu (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	apu	avut
genitive	avun	apujen
partitive	apuo	apuja
illative	apuh	apuloih
inessive	avušša	apuloissa
elative	avušta	apuloista
adessive	avulla	apuloilla
ablative	avulta	apuloilta
translative	avukši	apuloiksi
essive	apuna	apuloina
comitative	—	apuloineh
abessive	avutta	apuloitta

Possessive forms of apu
1st person	apuni
2nd person	apuš
3rd person	apuh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “помощь”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Limos Kalinga

Noun

apú

1. grandchild
2. grandparent

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin aqua. Compare Romanian apă, Aromanian apã, Istro-Romanian åpe.

Noun

apu

1. water

References

• Theodor Capidan, Dicționar meglenoromân (Megleno-Romanian dictionary)

Meriam

Noun

apu

1. mother or paternal aunt

Pamona

Noun

apu

1. fire

References

• Donald F. and Sharon G. Barr and C. Salombe, Languages of Central Sulawesi: checklist, preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists, Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University (1979), page 98

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɐpʊ]

Noun

apu

1. stone, rock
2. mountain, hill
3. stone tool

Synonyms

• puḻi

Saluan

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔapuː/

Noun

apu

1. fire

Further reading

• David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

Tokelauan

Te apu (1).

Te apu (2).

Etymology

Borrowed from English apple.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.pu]
• Hyphenation: a‧pu

Noun

apu

1. apple
2. apple tree (Malus domestica)

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[3], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 17

Uma

Etymology

From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

Noun

apu

1. fire