cavar

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Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin cavāre.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

cavar (first-person singular present cavo, past participle cavat)

  1. to dig

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
infinitive cavar
present participle cavant
past participle masculine feminine
singular cavat cavada
plural cavats cavades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present cavo caves cava cavem caveu caven
imperfect cavava cavaves cavava cavàvem cavàveu cavaven
future cavaré cavaràs cavarà cavarem cavareu cavaran
preterite caví cavares cavà cavàrem cavàreu cavaren
conditional cavaria cavaries cavaria cavaríem cavaríeu cavarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present cavi cavis cavi cavem caveu cavin
imperfect cavés cavessis cavés cavéssim cavéssiu cavessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
— cava cavi cavem caveu cavin

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese cavar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cavāre, present active infinitive of cavō.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)

  1. to dig
  2. to hoe
    • 1303, Clarinda de Azevedo Maia (ed.), História do galego-português. Estado linguístico da Galiza e do Noroeste de Portugal do século XII ao século XVI (com referência á situação do galego moderno). Coimbra: I.N.I.C., page 150:
      Et dardeſ cada anno quatro dias de ſeara a noſſa graña de Pineyra, ṽn dia a eſcauar, outro a pudar, outro a cauar, outro a rãdar
      You'll give each year four days of work in our farm of Piñeira, one day for digging, another for prunning, another for hoeing, another for weeding
  3. to break up

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of cavar
singular plural
person first second third first second third
Infinitive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal cavar
personal cavar cavares cavar cavarmos cavardes cavaren
Gerund
cavando
Past participle singular plural
masculine cavado cavados
feminine cavada cavadas
Indicative eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present cavo cavas cava cavamos cavades cavan
imperfect cavaba cavabas cavaba cavabamos cavabades cavaban
preterite cavei cavaches cavou cavamos cavastes cavaron
pluperfect cavara cavaras cavara cavaramos cavarades cavaran
future cavarei cavarás cavará cavaremos cavaredes cavarán
conditional cavaría cavarías cavaría cavariamos cavariades cavarían
Subjunctive eu ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
present cave caves cave cavemos cavedes caven
preterite cavase cavases cavase cavásemos cavásedes cavasen
future cavar cavares cavar cavarmos cavardes cavaren
Imperative – ti el/ela/Vde. nós vós eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative – cava cave cavemos cavade caven
negative – caves cave cavemos cavedes caven

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “cauar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “cavar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “cavar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “cavar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Occitan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan, from Latin cavō, cavāre.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Audio(file)

Verb[edit]

cavar

  1. to dig

Conjugation[edit]

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive cavar aver cavat
gerund cavant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle cavat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present cavi cavas cava cavam cavatz cavan
imperfect cavavi cavavas cavava cavàvem cavàvetz cavavan
preterite cavèri cavères cavèt cavèrem cavèretz cavèron
future cavarai cavaràs cavarà cavarem cavaretz cavaràn
conditional cavariái cavariás cavariá cavariam cavariatz cavarián
conditional 2nd form1 cavèra cavèras cavèra caveram caveratz cavèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present cave caves cave cavem cavetz caven
imperfect cavèssi cavèsses cavèsse cavèssem cavèssetz cavèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
cava cavem cavatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Auvernhàs
simple compound
infinitive cavar aver cavat
gerund cavant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle cavat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present cave caves cava cavam cavatz cavon
imperfect cavave cavaves cavava cavaviam cavaviatz cavavon
preterite cavere caveres cavet cavem cavetz caveron
future cavarai cavaràs cavará cavarem cavaretz cavarán
conditional cavariá cavariás cavariá cavariam cavariatz cavarián
conditional 2nd form1 cavèra cavèras cavèra caveram caveratz cavèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present cave caves cave cavassiam cavassiatz cavon
imperfect cavesse cavesses cavesse cavessiam cavessiatz cavesson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
cava cavassiam cavatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Gascon
simple compound
infinitive cavar aver cavat
gerund cavant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle cavat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present cavi cavas cava cavam cavatz cavan
imperfect cavavi cavavas cavava cavàvam cavàvatz cavavan
preterite cavèi cavès cavè cavèm cavètz cavèn
future cavarèi cavaràs cavarà cavaram cavaratz cavaràn
conditional cavarí cavarés cavaré cavarem cavaretz cavarén
conditional 2nd form1 cavèra cavèras cavèra caveram caveratz cavèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present cavi caves cave cavem cavetz caven
imperfect cavèssi cavèsses cavèsse cavèssem cavèssetz cavèssen
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
cava cavem cavatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Lemosin
simple compound
infinitive cavar aver cavat
gerund cavant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle cavat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present cave cavas cava cavam cavatz cavan
imperfect cavava cavavas cavava cavàvam cavàvatz cavavan
preterite cavei caveras cavet cavèram cavèratz caveran
future cavarai cavaràs cavará cavarem cavaretz cavarán
conditional cavariá cavariàs cavariá cavariam cavariatz cavarián
conditional 2nd form1 cavèra cavèras cavèra caveram caveratz cavèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present cave caves cave cavem cavetz caven
imperfect cavèsse cavèsses cavèsse cavèssem cavèssetz cavèssen
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
cava cavem cavatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Provençau
simple compound
infinitive cavar aver cavat
gerund cavant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle cavat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present cave caves cava cavam cavatz cavan
imperfect cavavi cavavas cavava cavàvem cavàvetz cavavan
preterite cavère cavères cavèt caveriam caveriatz cavèron
future cavarai cavaràs cavarà cavarem cavaretz cavaràn
conditional cavariáu cavariás cavariá cavariam cavariatz cavarián
conditional 2nd form1 cavèra cavèras cavèra caveram caveratz cavèran
compound
tenses 		present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present cave caves cave cavem cavetz cavan
imperfect cavèsse cavèsses cavèsse cavessiam cavessiatz cavèsson
compound
tenses 		past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
cava cavem cavatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Latin cavāre.

Verb[edit]

cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavei, past participle cavado)

  1. to dig, excavate, burrow, scoop

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of cavar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal cavar
Personal cavar cavares cavar cavarmos cavardes cavarem
Gerund
cavando
Past participle
Masculine cavado cavados
Feminine cavada cavadas
Indicative
Present cavo cavas cava cavamos cavais cavam
Imperfect cavava cavavas cavava cavávamos caváveis cavavam
Preterite cavei cavaste cavou cavamos1, cavámos2 cavastes cavaram
Pluperfect cavara cavaras cavara caváramos caváreis cavaram
Future cavarei cavarás cavará cavaremos cavareis cavarão
Conditional
cavaria cavarias cavaria cavaríamos cavaríeis cavariam
Subjunctive
Present cave caves cave cavemos caveis cavem
Imperfect cavasse cavasses cavasse cavássemos cavásseis cavassem
Future cavar cavares cavar cavarmos cavardes cavarem
Imperative
Affirmative cava cave cavemos cavai cavem
Negative (não) não caves não cave não cavemos não caveis não cavem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Related terms[edit]

Romansch[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin cavō, cavāre.

Verb[edit]

cavar

  1. (Sursilvan) to dig

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Latin cavāre.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /kaˈbaɾ/ [kaˈβ̞aɾ]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: ca‧var

Verb[edit]

cavar (first-person singular present cavo, first-person singular preterite cavé, past participle cavado)

  1. (transitive) to excavate, dig
  2. (intransitive) to penetrate into

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of cavar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive cavar
gerund cavando
past participle masculine feminine
singular cavado cavada
plural cavados cavadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cavo cavastú
cavásvos 		cava cavamos caváis cavan
imperfect cavaba cavabas cavaba cavábamos cavabais cavaban
preterite cavé cavaste cavó cavamos cavasteis cavaron
future cavaré cavarás cavará cavaremos cavaréis cavarán
conditional cavaría cavarías cavaría cavaríamos cavaríais cavarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cave cavestú
cavésvos2 		cave cavemos cavéis caven
imperfect
(ra) 		cavara cavaras cavara caváramos cavarais cavaran
imperfect
(se) 		cavase cavases cavase cavásemos cavaseis cavasen
future1 cavare cavares cavare caváremos cavareis cavaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative cavatú
cavávos 		cave cavemos cavad caven
negative no caves no cave no cavemos no cavéis no caven

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of cavar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive cavar
dative cavarme cavarte cavarle, cavarse cavarnos cavaros cavarles, cavarse
accusative cavarme cavarte cavarlo, cavarla, cavarse cavarnos cavaros cavarlos, cavarlas, cavarse
with gerund cavando
dative cavándome cavándote cavándole, cavándose cavándonos cavándoos cavándoles, cavándose
accusative cavándome cavándote cavándolo, cavándola, cavándose cavándonos cavándoos cavándolos, cavándolas, cavándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cava
dative cávame cávate cávale cávanos not used cávales
accusative cávame cávate cávalo, cávala cávanos not used cávalos, cávalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cavá
dative cavame cavate cavale cavanos not used cavales
accusative cavame cavate cavalo, cavala cavanos not used cavalos, cavalas
with formal second-person singular imperative cave
dative cáveme not used cávele, cávese cávenos not used cáveles
accusative cáveme not used cávelo, cávela, cávese cávenos not used cávelos, cávelas
with first-person plural imperative cavemos
dative not used cavémoste cavémosle cavémonos cavémoos cavémosles
accusative not used cavémoste cavémoslo, cavémosla cavémonos cavémoos cavémoslos, cavémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative cavad
dative cavadme not used cavadle cavadnos cavaos cavadles
accusative cavadme not used cavadlo, cavadla cavadnos cavaos cavadlos, cavadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative caven
dative cávenme not used cávenle cávennos not used cávenles, cávense
accusative cávenme not used cávenlo, cávenla cávennos not used cávenlos, cávenlas, cávense

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Venetian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin cavō, cavāre.

Verb[edit]

cavar

  1. (transitive) to take off, take out
  2. (transitive) to extract

Conjugation[edit]

  • Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of cavar (first conjugation)
infinitive cavar
auxiliary verb aver gerund cavando
past participle cavà
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present cavo (te) cavi (el/ła) cava cavémo, cavòn cavé (i/łe) cava
imperfect cavava (te) cavavi (el/ła) cavava cavàvimo cavavi (i/łe) cavava
future cavarò (te) cavarè (el/ła) cavarà cavarémo cavarè (i/łe) cavarà
conditional mi ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
present cavarìa (te) cavarisi (el/ła) cavarìa cavarìsimo cavarisi (i/łe) cavarìa
subjunctive che mi che ti che eło / eła che noialtri / noialtre che voialtri / voialtre che łuri / łore
present cave, cava (te) cavi (el/ła) cave, (el/ła) cava cavémo, cavone cavé (i/łe) cave, (i/łe) cava
imperfect cavase (te) cavasi (el/ła) cavase cavàsimo cavasi (i/łe) cavase
imperative — ti eło / eła noialtri / noialtre voialtri / voialtre łuri / łore
— (te) cava (el/ła) cava, (el/ła) cave cavémo cavé (i/łe) cava, (i/łe) cave

Related terms[edit]

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