姚

姚 U+59DA, 姚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DA ← 姙 [U+59D9] CJK Unified Ideographs 姛 → [U+59DB]

Translingual

Han character

姚 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女中一人 (VLMO), four-corner 4241₃, composition ⿰女兆)

Derived characters

• 𢱐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 259, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6202
• Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1046, character 3
• Unihan data for U+59DA

Chinese

trad.		姚
simp. #		姚
alternative forms		窕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
挑	*l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ
洮	*l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew
桃	*l'aːw
逃	*l'aːw
咷	*l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws
鼗	*l'aːw
鞉	*l'aːw
駣	*l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ
𣂁	*sl̥ʰew
脁	*l̥ʰews
晁	*l'ew
兆	*l'ewʔ
旐	*l'ewʔ
狣	*l'ewʔ
鮡	*l'ewʔ, *l'eːw
垗	*l'ewʔ
姚	*lew
珧	*lew
銚	*lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws
恌	*lew, *l̥ʰeːw
烑	*lew
餆	*lew
筄	*lews
艞	*lews
佻	*l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw
祧	*l̥ʰeːw
朓	*l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ
庣	*l̥ʰeːw
趒	*l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
聎	*l̥ʰeːw
眺	*l̥ʰeːws
覜	*l̥ʰeːws
頫	*l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ
絩	*l̥ʰeːws
跳	*l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
窕	*l'eːwʔ
誂	*l'eːwʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yáo (yao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yèu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yau²

• Eastern Min (BUC): ièu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iâu / iô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): io⁵ / iê⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yáo
    • Wade–Giles: yao²
    • Yale: yáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
    • Palladius: яо (jao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jiu⁴
    • Yale: yìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jiu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ieuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yeu²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yau²
    • Sinological IPA: /iau¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ièu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâu
    • Tâi-lô: iâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaau
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iau¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /iau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iau²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, dated in Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iô
    • Tâi-lô: iô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iooi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /io²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: io⁵ / iê⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iô / iê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /io⁵⁵/, /ie⁵⁵/

Note:

• io5 - Shantou;
• iê5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yau
    • MiniDict: yau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhiau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yew

Rime
Character	姚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘昭切
Baxter	yew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/jæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaw/
Li Rong	/iɛu/
Wang Li	/jĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jiu4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lew/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姚
Reading #	1/1
No.	16862
Phonetic component	兆
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	遙
Old Chinese	/*lew/

Definitions

姚

1. handsome; elegant
2. Alternative form of 遙／遥 (yáo, “far; distant”)
3. a surname

   姚明  ―  Yáo Míng  ―  Yao Ming (Chinese basketball player)

Compounds

• 二姚
• 剽姚
• 姚冶
• 姚名達／姚名达
• 姚坪 (Yáopíng)
• 姚姒
• 姚姚
• 姚家店 (Yáojiādiàn)
• 姚崗／姚岗
• 姚廣孝／姚广孝
• 姚棚 (Yáopéng)
• 姚江
• 姚江學派／姚江学派
• 姚燧
• 姚興／姚兴
• 姚萇／姚苌
• 姚際恆／姚际恒
• 姚雪垠
• 姚黃紙／姚黄纸
• 姚黃魏紫／姚黄魏紫 (Yáohuáng Wèizǐ)
• 姚鼐
• 嫖姚
• 房杜姚宋
• 票姚
• 餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo)
• 餘姚之學／余姚之学
• 餘姚縣／余姚县
• 驃姚／骠姚
• 魏紫姚黃／魏紫姚黄

 

Descendants

• → English: Yao, Yiu
• → Tagalog: Yao (via Hokkien)

References

• “姚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Query for 姚”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

姚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō)^{←えう (eu, historical)}
• Kun: うつくしい (utsukushii, 姚しい)

Korean

Hanja

姚 (eumhun 예쁜 요 (yeppeun yo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

姚: Hán Nôm readings: diêu

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