espantar
Catalan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From older espaventar, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present active participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Occitan, Spanish, and Portuguese espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [əs.pənˈta]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [es.panˈtaɾ]
Audio (Barcelona): (file)
Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantí, past participle espantat)
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “espantar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
- “espantar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
- “espantar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “espantar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese espantar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to frighten, to scare; to terrify
- (pronominal) to get frightened
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar
- 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- aos soes das cãpaynas et ante a semelduẽ das carãtonas, que erã moy feas, espantarõse os caualos dos caualeiros de Calrros et começarõ de fogir cõ grã medo
- at the sound of the bells and because of the looks of the masks, which were very ugly, Charlemagne's knights' horses got frightened and began to flee with great fear
- to chase off; to shoo; to drive away
- Synonyms: axotar, correr, escorrentar
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “espant”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “espantar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2025
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “espantar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ladino
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Verb
[edit]espantar
- to scare
Derived terms
[edit]Occitan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From espaventar, from Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]espantar
- to terrify
Conjugation
[edit]| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
| gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | espantat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
| imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
| preterite | espantèri | espantères | espantèt | espantèrem | espantèretz | espantèron | |
| future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
| conditional | espantariái | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
| imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
| gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | espantat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espanton | |
| imperfect | espantave | espantaves | espantava | espantaviam | espantaviatz | espantavon | |
| preterite | espantere | espanteres | espantet | espantem | espantetz | espanteron | |
| future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
| conditional | espantariá | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espante | espantassiam | espantassiatz | espanton | |
| imperfect | espantesse | espantesses | espantesse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espanta | espantassiam | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
| gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | espantat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
| imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
| preterite | espantèi | espantès | espantè | espantèm | espantètz | espantèn | |
| future | espantarèi | espantaràs | espantarà | espantaram | espantaratz | espantaràn | |
| conditional | espantarí | espantarés | espantaré | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espanti | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
| imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
| gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | espantat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espante | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
| imperfect | espantava | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
| preterite | espantei | espanteras | espantet | espantèram | espantèratz | espanteran | |
| future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
| conditional | espantariá | espantariàs | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
| imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
| gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | espantat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
| imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
| preterite | espantère | espantères | espantèt | espanteriam | espanteriatz | espantèron | |
| future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
| conditional | espantariáu | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espantan | |
| imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Spanish and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- to terrify, to frighten
- Synonyms: assustar, atemorizar
- to chase off, to shoo
- (figuratively) to surprise, to astonish
- Synonyms: pasmar, maravilhar, surpreender
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter, also Romanian înspăimânta.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /espanˈtaɾ/ [es.pãn̪ˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Argentina): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧pan‧tar
Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espanté, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to scare, to spook, to frighten
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar; see also Thesaurus:asustar
- (transitive) to scare away, to scare off, to chase away, to drive away, to frighten away, to frighten off
Conjugation
[edit]These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Neapolitan: spantare
Further reading
[edit]- “espantar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
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- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
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- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Ladino terms derived from Vulgar Latin
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- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
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- es:Fear