espantar
Catalan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From older espaventar, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present active participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Occitan, Spanish, and Portuguese espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantí, past participle espantat)
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “espantar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “espantar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “espantar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “espantar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese espantar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to frighten, to scare; to terrify
- (pronominal) to get frightened
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar
- 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- aos soes das cãpaynas et ante a semelduẽ das carãtonas, que erã moy feas, espantarõse os caualos dos caualeiros de Calrros et começarõ de fogir cõ grã medo
- at the sound of the bells and because of the looks of the masks, which were very ugly, Charlemagne's knights' horses got frightened and began to flee with great fear
- to chase off; to shoo; to drive away
- Synonyms: axotar, correr, escorrentar
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “espant”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “espantar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “espantar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ladino
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Verb
[edit]espantar (Latin spelling)
- to scare
Derived terms
[edit]Occitan
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From espaventar, from Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]espantar
- to terrify
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèri | espantères | espantèt | espantèrem | espantèretz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariái | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantave | espantaves | espantava | espantaviam | espantaviatz | espantavon | |
preterite | espantere | espanteres | espantet | espantem | espantetz | espanteron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantassiam | espantassiatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantesse | espantesses | espantesse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantassiam | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèi | espantès | espantè | espantèm | espantètz | espantèn | |
future | espantarèi | espantaràs | espantarà | espantaram | espantaratz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantarí | espantarés | espantaré | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espanti | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantava | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantei | espanteras | espantet | espantèram | espantèratz | espanteran | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariàs | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantère | espantères | espantèt | espanteriam | espanteriatz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariáu | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Spanish and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- to terrify, to frighten
- Synonyms: assustar, atemorizar
- to chase off, to shoo
- (figuratively) to surprise, to astonish
- Synonyms: pasmar, maravilhar, surpreender
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter, also Romanian înspăimânta.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /espanˈtaɾ/ [es.pãn̪ˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Argentina): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧pan‧tar
Verb
[edit]espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espanté, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to scare, to spook, to frighten
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar; see also Thesaurus:asustar
- (transitive) to scare away, to scare off, to chase away, to drive away, to frighten away, to frighten off
Conjugation
[edit]These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Neapolitan: spantare
Further reading
[edit]- “espantar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), 23rd edition, Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 October 16
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Classical Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Classical Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Ladino terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino verbs
- Ladino verbs in Latin script
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- es:Fear