experiment

See also: Experiment

English

Etymology

From Middle English experiment, from Old French esperiment (French expérience), from Latin experimentum (“experience, attempt, experiment”), from experior (“to experience, to attempt”), itself from ex + *perior, in turn from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/, /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

• Hyphenation: ex‧per‧i‧ment

Noun

experiment (plural experiments)

1. A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

   conduct an experiment

   carry out some experiments

   perform a scientific experiment

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Laboratory”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 327:

     From her childhood she had been accustomed to watch, and often to aid, in her uncle's chemical experiments; she was, therefore, not at a loss, as a complete novice in the science would have been.

   • 2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     South Korean officials announced last month that an experiment to create artificial rain did not provide the desired results.

     Audio (US)

     (file)

2. (obsolete) Experience, practical familiarity with something.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Pilot [...] Vpon his card and compas firmes his eye,
     The maisters of his long experiment,
     And to them does the steddy helme apply [...].

Derived terms

• blue bottle experiment
• control experiment
• experimental
• factorial experiment
• forbidden experiment
• ganzfeld experiment
• gedanken experiment
• Hughes-Drever experiment
• Michelson-Morley experiment
• Milgram experiment
• noble experiment
• science experiment
• sexperiment
• thought experiment
• Valsalvian experiment
• Wizard of Oz experiment

 

Translations

test under controlled conditions

• Albanian: eksperiment (sq) m
• Arabic: تَجْرِبَة‎ f (tajriba), اِخْتِبَار‎ m (iḵtibār)
• Armenian: փորձ (hy) (pʿorj), փորձարկում (hy) (pʿorjarkum)
• Azerbaijani: təcrübə (az), eksperiment
• Bashkir: тәжрибә (täjribä)
• Belarusian: эксперыме́нт m (ekspjerymjént), экспэрымэ́нт m (eksperymént), до́след m (dósljed), во́пыт (be) m (vópyt), про́ба f (próba)
• Bengali: পরীক্ষা (bn) (porikkha)
• Bulgarian: о́пит (bg) m (ópit), експериме́нт (bg) m (eksperimént)
• Burmese: အစမ်း (my) (a.cam:), အစမ်းအသပ် (my) (a.cam:a.sap)
• Catalan: experiment (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 實驗／实验 (sat⁶ jim⁶)

  Mandarin: 實驗／实验 (zh) (shíyàn)

• Czech: pokus (cs) m, experiment (cs) m
• Danish: eksperiment (da) n, forsøg n
• Dutch: experiment (nl) n, proef (nl) f
• Esperanto: eksperimento
• Estonian: eksperiment
• Finnish: (tieteellinen) koe
• French: expérience (fr) f
• Galician: experimento (gl) m
• Georgian: ექსპერიმენტი (eksṗerimenṭi)
• German: Experiment (de) n, Versuch (de) m
• Greek: πείραμα (el) n (peírama)

  Ancient: πεῖρα f (peîra)

• Hebrew: ניסוי / נִסּוּי‎ m (nisúi)
• Hindi: प्रयोग (hi) m (prayog), तजुर्बा m (tajurbā), परीक्षा (hi) f (parīkṣā)
• Hungarian: kísérlet (hu), próba (hu)
• Icelandic: tilraun (is) f
• Irish: tástáil f, turgnamh m
• Italian: esperimento (it) m
• Japanese: 実験 (ja) (じっけん, jikken)
• Kazakh: тәжірибе (kk) (täjıribe), эксперимент (éksperiment)
• Khmer: បរីក្សា (paʼreksaa), ពិសោធន៍ (km) (pisaot)
• Korean: 실험(實驗) (ko) (silheom)
• Kyrgyz: тажрыйба (ky) (tajrıyba), эксперимент (ky) (eksperiment)
• Lao: ການທົດລອງ (lo) (kān thot lǭng)
• Latin: experimentum n, periculum (la) n
• Latvian: eksperiments m, mēģinājums m
• Lithuanian: eksperimentas m
• Macedonian: опит m (opit), експериме́нт m (eksperimént), оглед m (ogled)
• Malay: uji kaji (ms), eksperimen (ms)
• Maori: whakamātauranga, whakamātau
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: eksperiment n, forsøk (no) n

• Occitan: experiment (oc) m
• Pashto: آزمايش‎ m (āzmāyeš), تجربه‎ (ps) f (tajreba)
• Persian: آزمایِش‎ (fa) (âzmâyeš), تَجرُبه‎ (fa) (tajrobe)
• Plautdietsch: Proow f
• Polish: eksperyment (pl) m inan, doświadczenie (pl) n, próba (pl) f
• Portuguese: experimento (pt) m (Brazil), experiência (pt) f (Portugal)
• Romanian: experiment (ro) n
• Russian: экспериме́нт (ru) m (eksperimént), о́пыт (ru) m (ópyt), про́ба (ru) f (próba)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: експерѝмент m, о̀пит m

  Roman: eksperìment (sh) m, òpit (sh) m

• Slovak: pokus m, experiment (sk) m
• Slovene: poskus (sl) m, eksperiment m
• Spanish: experimento (es) m
• Swahili: jaribio (sw)
• Swedish: experiment (sv) n, försök (sv) n
• Tagalog: tilaw, eksperimento (tl)
• Tajik: озмоиш (tg) (ozmoyiš), таҷриба (tg) (tajriba), таҷруба (tajruba)
• Tatar: тәҗрибә (tt) (täcribä), эксперимент (eksperiment)
• Telugu: ప్రయోగము (te) (prayōgamu)
• Thai: การทดลอง (th) (gaan-tót-lɔɔng)
• Turkish: deney (tr) (n), tecrübe (tr), deneme (tr)
• Turkmen: eksperiment, tejribe
• Ukrainian: експериме́нт m (eksperymént), до́слід (uk) m (dóslid), до́свід (uk) m (dósvid), спро́ба f (spróba)
• Urdu: تَجْرِبَہ‎ m (tajriba)
• Uyghur: تەجرىبە‎ (tejribe)
• Uzbek: eksperiment (uz), tajriba (uz)
• Vietnamese: thí nghiệm (vi)
• Welsh: arbrawf m
• Yiddish: עקספּערימענט‎ (eksperiment)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} eksperimen (id), ^{(please verify)} percobaan (id)
• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} bandymas m

Verb

experiment (third-person singular simple present experiments, present participle experimenting, simple past and past participle experimented)

1. (intransitive) To conduct an experiment.

   We're going to experiment on rats.

2. (transitive, obsolete) To experience; to feel; to perceive; to detect.
   • 1662 Thomas Salusbury, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Dialogue 2):

     The Earth, the which may have carried us about perpetually ... without our being ever able to experiment its rest.

3. (transitive, obsolete) To test or ascertain by experiment; to try out; to make an experiment on.
   • 1481, The Mirrour of the World, William Caxton, 1.5.22:

     Til they had experimented whiche was trewe, and who knewe most.

Derived terms

• experimenter

Translations

to conduct an experiment

• Arabic: جَرَّبَ‎ (ar) (jarraba)
• Armenian: փորձարկել (hy) (pʿorjarkel)
• Belarusian: эксперыментава́ць impf (ekspjerymjentavácʹ)
• Bulgarian: експерименти́рам impf or pf (eksperimentíram)
• Catalan: fer experiment
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 實驗／实验 (zh) (shíyàn)

• Czech: experimentovat (cs) impf
• Dutch: experimenteren (nl)
• Esperanto: eksperimenti
• Finnish: kokeilla (fi), tehdä koe
• French: expérimenter (fr)
• German: experimentieren (de)
• Greek: πειραματίζομαι (el) (peiramatízomai)
• Italian: fare esperimento
• Japanese: 実験する (ja) (じっけんする, jikken suru)
• Khmer: ពិសោធ (km) (pisaot)
• Korean: 실험하다 (ko) (silheomhada)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ezmûn (ku)

• Macedonian: експерименти́ра impf or pf (eksperimentíra)
• Malay: menguji kaji
• Maori: whakamātau
• Polish: eksperymentować (pl) impf, przeprowadzać doświadczenie impf
• Portuguese: experimentar (pt)
• Quechua: yañay
• Russian: эксперименти́ровать (ru) impf (eksperimentírovatʹ), производи́ть о́пыт impf (proizvodítʹ ópyt), произвести́ о́пыт pf (proizvestí ópyt), ста́вить о́пыт impf (stávitʹ ópyt), поста́вить о́пыт pf (postávitʹ ópyt)
• Spanish: experimentar (es)
• Swahili: -jaribu (sw)
• Swedish: experimentera (sv)
• Thai: ทดลอง (th) (tót-lɔɔng)
• Ukrainian: експериментува́ти impf (eksperymentuváty)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} eksperimen (id)
• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} eksperimentuoti

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “experiment”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin experīmentum, attested from 1460.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /əks.pə.ɾiˈment/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /əks.pə.ɾiˈmen/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /eks.pe.ɾiˈment/

Noun

experiment m (plural experiments)

1. experiment

Derived terms

• experimental
• experimentar

Further reading

• “experiment” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “experiment” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “experiment” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin experīmentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛkspɛrɪmɛnt]

Noun

experiment m inan

1. experiment

   Synonym: pokus

   provést experiment ― to perform an experiment

Declension

Declension of experiment (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	experiment	experimenty
genitive	experimentu	experimentů
dative	experimentu	experimentům
accusative	experiment	experimenty
vocative	experimente	experimenty
locative	experimentu	experimentech
instrumental	experimentem	experimenty

Related terms

• experimentální
• experimentovat

 

Further reading

• experiment in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• experiment in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• experiment in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch experiment, from Old French experiment, from Latin experimentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɛks.peː.riˈmɛnt/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ex‧pe‧ri‧ment
• Rhymes: -ɛnt

Noun

experiment n (plural experimenten, diminutive experimentje n)

1. experiment

Synonyms

• proef
• test

Derived terms

• experimenteel

Descendants

• → Indonesian: eksperimen

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin experīmentum.

Noun

experiment m (plural experiments)

1. experiment

Related terms

• experimentar

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin experimentum.

Noun

experiment n (plural experimente)

1. experiment

Declension

Declension of experiment

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) experiment	experimentul	(niște) experimente	experimentele
genitive/dative	(unui) experiment	experimentului	(unor) experimente	experimentelor
vocative	experimentule		experimentelor

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin experīmentum, attested from 1682.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛksp(ɛ)rɪˈmɛnt/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

experiment n

1. experiment

Declension

Declension of experiment
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	experiment	experimentet	experiment	experimenten
Genitive	experiments	experimentets	experiments	experimentens

Related terms

• experimentell